滨海盐碱地土壤有机碳与有效氮磷对保氮增碳处理的响应及其机制研究  

Soil Organic Carbon and Available Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land Response to Nitrogen Preservation and Carbon Enhancement Treatments and Its Mechanisms

作　　者：姬广庆 林海涛[2,3] 毕玉波 李兆勇 宋玲玲 刘庆[1] 王梅 沈玉文[2,3] 王江涛[2,3] Ji Guangqing;Lin Haitao;Bi Yubo;Li Zhaoyong;Song Lingling;Liu Qing;Wang Mei;Shen Yuwen;Wang Jiangtao(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Environmental Protection Fertilizer Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center,Jinan 250100,China;Agricultural Development Service Center of Kenli District,Dongying City,Dongying 257000,China;Qihe Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qihe 251100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266000 [2]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [3]山东省环保肥料示范工程技术研究中心,山东济南250100 [4]东营市垦利区农业发展服务中心,山东东营257000 [5]齐河县农业农村局,山东齐河251100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2023年第12期112-118,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2023A14);国家小麦产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-03);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900903);2022年度省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目(鲁发改动能办[2022]820号)

摘　　要：采用室内生化培养试验,设置不施肥+秸秆+秸秆腐熟剂(T1)、农民习惯施肥(小颗粒尿素)+秸秆+秸秆腐熟剂(T2)、稳定氮肥+秸秆+秸秆腐熟剂(T3)、水性树脂包膜尿素+秸秆+秸秆腐熟剂(T4)、水性树脂包膜尿素+秸秆+改性秸秆腐熟剂(T5),共5个处理,研究滨海盐碱地土壤有机碳、有效氮磷养分对秸秆还田+高效氮肥+秸秆腐熟剂不同组合处理(即保氮增碳处理)的响应,并从土壤酶学角度揭示其作用机制,以期对滨海盐碱地快速改良与地力提升方案的优选提供科学依据.结果表明:保氮增碳各处理提高了土壤有机碳、无机氮及有效磷的含量,且随着培养时间的延长逐渐升高,至培养90天时,与农民习惯施肥处理相比,土壤有机碳、无机氮及有效磷分别提高23.12%~38.63%、13.93%~33.56%、4.75%~25.32%;土壤酶学分析表明,保氮增碳各处理土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高47.51%~61.67%、49.80%~65.16%,硝酸还原酶活性降低7.89%~28.67%.在保氮增碳各处理中,水性树脂包膜尿素+秸秆+改性秸秆腐熟剂处理的土壤有机碳和有效养分提升最明显,土壤改良效果显著,因此该处理可作为实现滨海盐碱地土壤快速改良与地力培肥的最优推荐方案.Using the indoor biochemical culture test,this rearch studied the responses of soil organic carbon and nutrients in coastal saline-alkali land to different combinations of straw returning,high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer and straw decomposing agent,and revealed the mechanism from the perspective of soil enzy-mology,in order to provide scientific bases for selecting schemes of rapid improvement and soil fertility in-crease of coastal saline-alkali land.Five nitrogen-preserving and carbon-increasing treatments were set as no fertilization+straw returning+straw decomposing agent(T1),farmers’conventional fertilization(small granular urea)+straw returning+straw decomposing agent(T2),stabilized nitrogen fertilizer+straw retur-ning+straw decomposing agent(T3),water-based resin-coated urea+straw returning+straw decomposing agent(T4)and waterborne resin-coated urea+straw returning+modified straw decomposing agent(T5).The results showed that the nitrogen-preserving and carbon-increasing treatments could increase the contents of soil organic carbon,inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus gradually with the extension of cultivation time;the soil organic carbon,inorganic nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 23.12%~38.63%,13.93%~33.56%and 4.75%~25.32%respectively after 90 days of culture compared with the farmes’con-ventional fertilization treatment.The activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase increased by 47.51%~61.67%and 49.80%~65.16%respectively,and the activity of nitrate reductase decreased by 7.89%~28.67%under the nitrogen-preserving and carbon-increasing treatments.T5 treatment had significant soil im-provement effect for the most obvious increase of soil organic carbon and effective nutrients,so it would be the best scheme to achieve rapid improvement and soil fertility increase of coastal saline-alkali land.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤有机碳 无机氮 有效磷 土壤酶活性 滨海盐碱土 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学]