大春河小流域土壤有效硼和阳离子交换量变化特征研究  

Study on Variation Characteristics of Soil Effective Boron and Cation Exchange Capacity in Dachunhe Watershed

作　　者：郭锁娜 脱云飞[1] 张丽娟[1] 王倩[1] 沈方圆 王飞[1] 郑阳 杜文娟 向萍 Guo Suona;Tuo Yunfei;Zhang Lijuan;Wang Qian;Shen Fangyuan;Wang Fei;Zheng Yang;Du Wenjuan;Xiang Ping(College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming Yunnan 650233,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650233

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2024年第1期48-55,共8页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979134,51779113)资助;云南省农业联合专项面上项目(202101BD070001-077)资助;云南省基础研究重点项目(CB22052C055A)资助;云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2021J0164)资助;四川省栗子坪国家级自然保护区陆生动物生境调查研究项目(2021ZD0125)资助;云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室开放基金项目(202105AG070002)资助;西南林业大学环境污染与食品安全及人体健康省创新团队项目(202005AE160017)资助。

摘　　要：为提高土壤保肥能力和构建合理耕层结构,以云南省昆明市大春河小流域林地、园地、草地、耕地和裸地为研究对象,采用固定深度法和等效质量法2种方法共同计算土壤有效硼(EB)储量,Franzluebbers法计算EB和阳离子交换量(CEC)层化率,分析土壤有效硼和阳离子交换量随深度的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:EB含量和储量随深度变化差异显著(P <0.05),林地和园地随深度的增加而降低,草地、耕地和裸地随深度的增加而增加;林地EB和CEC层化率SR2大于SR1;土壤CEC含量随土壤深度增加显著增加或降低;阳离子附着于土壤而流失,土壤CEC含量随土壤深度的增加而递减;有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、含水率(MC)和容重(BD)对EB和CEC具有显著相关性(P <0.05),不同土地利用类型的OM、TN和MC与EB和CEC呈正相关关系,BD与土壤EB和CEC呈负相关关系;林地和园地保肥能力高于草地、耕地和裸地,0~20cm保肥能力最好;草地、耕地和裸地40~60 cm保肥能力最好。植被覆盖率和土壤侵蚀是影响EB和CEC变化的主要物理因素,OM、TN、MC和BD是影响EB和CEC变化的主要化学因素,需构建合理耕作层,提高保水保肥能力。In order to improve soil fertility conservation capacity and build a reasonable tilth structure,the research object of this study is forest land,garden land,grass land,arable land and bare land in the Dachun River watershed of Kunming City,Yunnan Province.Fixed depth method(FD) and equivalent mass method(ESM) were used to calculate soil effective boron reserves,and Franzluebbers calculated the stratification rate of soil effective boron(EB) and cation exchange capacity(CEC),analyze the variation characteristics and influencing factors of soil effective boron and cation exchange capacity with depth.The results show that soil effective boron varied significantly with soil depth(P < 0.05),forest land and garden land decreased with the increase of depth;grass land,arable land and bare land increase with depth;the stratification rate SR2 of soil effective boron and cation exchange capacity in forest land is higher than SR1;the content of soil cation exchange capacity significantly increases or decreases with the increase of soil depth;cations adhere to the soil and lose,the content of soil cation exchange capacity decreased with the increase of soil depth;organic matter(OM),total nitrogen(TN),water content(MC)and bulk density(BD) were significantly correlated with soil EB and CEC(P < 0.05).OM,TN,and MC of different land use types were positively correlated with soil EB and CEC,while BD was negatively correlated with soil EB and CEC.The fertilizer retention capacity of forest land and garden land is higher than that of grass land,arable land,and bare land,with the best fertilizer retention capacity of 0–20 cm;grass land,arable land,and bare land with a thickness of 40–60 cm have the best fertilizer retention capacity.Vegetation coverage and soil erosion are the main physical factors affecting soil EB and CEC,while OM,TN,MC and BD are the main chemical factors affecting soil EB and CEC.It is necessary to construct a reasonable cultivation layer to improve the ability of water and fertilizer conservation.

关 键 词：小流域 土壤 硼 阳离子交换量 养分 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]