NFT的治理逻辑:风险研判、法律属性、制度因应  

The Governance Logic of NFT:Risk Assessment,Legal Attributes,Institutional Response

作　　者：郑煌杰 王子淳 Zheng Huangjie;Wang Zichun(Law School of Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China;School of Politics and Public Administrationo of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]郑州大学政治与公共管理学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《征信》2023年第12期29-38,共10页Credit Reference

摘　　要：NFT(Non-Fungible-Token,又称非同质化通证)是一种存储在区块链上的数据块,具有唯一标记且限定数量的技术特性,主要以“染色币”与“以太坊意见征求稿”为技术原理,这些使得其能够作为检验数字资产真实性和所有权的有效凭证,从而得以广泛应用于社交平台、交易平台与金融活动、元宇宙等场景。NFT在应用过程中,也极易引发技术与信息风险、交易与金融风险、版权侵权风险。然而,在法律上将NFT定性为货币、民法上的“物”与“债”、虚拟财产都存在较大困难,故可以尝试将其等同于加密数字凭证。基于此,能够在技术与应用层面将NFT进行分割,同时以确定NFT的法律界限作为其治理基础,建立分化应用分类监管结构作为其治理框架,创设技术标准体系作为其治理规则,构建多元共治机制作为其治理保障,进而最大化发挥NFT的科技附加值,促进数字经济安全稳定协调发展。NFT(Non-Fungible Token,also known as Non-Homogeneous Token)is a kind of data block stored on the blockchain,with a unique labeling and limited number of technical characteristics,mainly based on the“Colored Coins”and“Ethereum Draft”as the technical principle,which enables it to serve as an effective voucher for verifying the authenticity and ownership of digital assets.Thus,it can be widely used in social platforms,trading platforms and financial activities,meta-universe and other scenarios.NFT is also prone to technical and information risks,trading and financial risks,and copyright infringement risks in the application process.However,there are significant difficulties in characterizing NFT as currency in the law,as well as in defining“things”and“debts”in civil law,and virtual property.Therefore,it can be attempted to equate it with encrypted digital certificates.Based on this,NFT can be segmented at the technical and application levels,with determining the legal boundaries of NFT as its governance foundation,establishing a differentiated application classification and regulatory structure as its governance framework,creating a technical standard system as its governance rules,and constructing a diversified governance mechanism as its governance guarantee,thereby maximizing the technological added value of NFT and promoting the safe,stable,and coordinated development of the digital economy.

关 键 词：非同质化通证 区块链 元宇宙 加密数字凭证 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]