花期低温胁迫对寒地水稻花粉粒及剑叶超微结构的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage on Ultra Structure of Pollen Grains and Leaf of Rice in Cold Region

作　　者：杜晓东[1] 蔡永盛[1] 赵海新[1] 陈书强[1] 徐令旗 杨丽敏[1] DU Xiaodong;CAI Yongsheng;ZHAO Haixin;CHEN Shuqiang;XU Lingqi;YANG Limin(Rice Research Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jiamusi 154026,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第S01期78-85,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-C005);黑龙江省农业科学院院级课题项目(2020FJZX022)。

摘　　要：为了研究低温对寒地水稻花粉粒及剑叶超微结构的影响,以寒地耐冷性强的水稻品种空育131、龙粳25和耐冷性差的品种龙粳11、龙粳28为材料,在开花期进行低温处理(13,15,17℃),样品采用扫描和透射电镜进行观察并拍照。结果表明:低温胁迫下空育131、龙粳11、龙粳25水稻花粉粒表面的网状雕纹变化明显,水稻花粉粒表面的网状雕纹由深变浅,表面突起减少,使得花粉粒的表面变得光滑,不利于花粉在柱头附着。但低温胁迫下的龙粳28花粉粒表面特征与对照没有明显差异。随着温度降低各水稻品种的叶绿体中的淀粉粒明显减少,嗜锇颗粒明显增加,基粒片变疏松,叠状态的类囊体膜的比例减少。但低温影响下耐冷性强品种龙粳25和空育131与耐冷性差品种龙粳11和龙粳28基粒片层、基质片层并未表现出同一规律,而淀粉粒合成、嗜锇颗粒数量变化规律一致。总之,相比水稻花粉粒,低温对剑叶超微结构的影响更为明显,低温胁迫下耐冷性强和耐冷性差的水稻品种间叶片功能衰退、叶绿体光合变化差异较大,规律较为明显。In order to study the effect of low temperature on the ultrastructure of pollen grains and flag leaves of rice in cold regions,Japonica rice varieties Kongyu 131 and Longjing 25 with strong cold tolerance and varieties Longjing 11 and Longjing 28 with poor cold tolerance were selected as research materials in cold regions,low temperature treatment during flowering period(13,15,17℃),the samples were observed and photographed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that:Under low temperature stress,the reticular patterns on the pollen grains of Kongyu 131,Longjing 11 and Longjing 25 changed significantly,the reticular carvings on the surface of rice pollen grains changed from deep to shallow,with the decrease of stress temperature,the reticular carvings on the surface of rice pollen grains changed from deep to shallow,reduction of surface protrusions,the surface of pollen grains became smooth,which was not conducive to the attachment of pollen on stigma because made the surface of pollen grains smooth;however,the pollen grain surface characteristics of Longjing 28 under low temperature stress were not significantly different from those of the control.With the decrease of temperature,starch grains in chloroplasts of rice varieties decreased significantly,osmiophilic grains increased significantly,grana became loose,and the proportion of superposed thylakoid membranes decreased;however,under the influence of low temperature,the varieties Longjing 25 and Kongyu 131 with strong cold tolerance and the varieties Longjing 11 and Longjing 28 with poor cold tolerance did not show the same law in grana lamella and matrix lamella,while the changes in starch grain synthesis and osmiophilic particle number were consistent.Compared with rice pollen grains,the effect of low temperature on sword leaf ultrastructure was more obvious.Under low temperature stress,leaf function declined and chloroplast photosynthetic changed among rice varieties with strong and poor cold tolerance were significantly di

关 键 词：寒地水稻 耐冷 细胞 超微结构 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]