长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤水分散性磷含量及形态分布的影响  

Effects of Long-term Application of Manure on Water-dispersible Phosphorus and Morphological Distribution in Three Zonal Soils

作　　者：王子豪 丁帅 陈硕[1] 张帅 敖俊华 文炯 哈雪姣 陈清[1] WANG Zihao;DING Shuai;CHEN Shuo;ZHANG Shuai;AO Junhua;WEN Jiong;HA Xuejiao;CHEN Qing(College of Resources and Environment Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Nanfan and Seed Industry,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510316,China;Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Yueyang,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yueyang 414000,China;Beijing Daxing District Planting Technology Promotion Station,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州510316 [3]农业农村部岳阳农业环境科学试验站,湖南岳阳414000 [4]北京市大兴区种植业技术推广站,北京102600

出　　处：《华北农学报》2023年第S01期321-330,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：大兴区耕地质量长期定位监测项目。

摘　　要：探究长期施用粪肥对3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量及形态分布的影响,为磷素流失风险评价提供参考。于2021年5-8月,按五点采样法分别采集北京大兴(潮土)、湖南岳阳(红壤)和广东湛江(砖红壤)3种农田的表层(0~20 cm)土壤,对土壤中水分散性磷的含量、形态分布及矿物含量等特征进行研究。与不施粪肥的处理相比,长期施用粪肥的大兴、岳阳和湛江3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量分别显著增加1.15,1.32,14.00倍。长期施用粪肥使不同形态水分散性磷在土壤总水分散性磷中的分布比例发生显著变化,其中大兴和岳阳土壤中颗粒态磷占比分别显著降低30.22,14.68百分点,而真溶态磷占比分别显著增加29.83,28.06百分点;岳阳土壤中胶体态磷占比显著降低13.37百分点;湛江土壤中真溶态磷占比显著增加8.24百分点。长期施用粪肥显著改变土壤水分散性矿物含量,与不施粪肥处理相比,大兴、岳阳和湛江土壤中水分散性钙含量分别显著增加0.55,1.66,4.15倍;水分散性镁含量分别显著增加0.66,1.46,8.39倍。冗余分析结果表明:土壤pH值、CEC、DOC以及水分散性矿物组成(Fe/Al/Ca/Mg)是影响土壤中水分散性磷含量及形态分布的主要因子。长期施用粪肥显著提升了3种地带性土壤中水分散性磷含量并影响其形态转化,加剧了磷素流失风险。长期施用粪肥可促进岳阳和湛江土壤中颗粒态磷和胶体态磷以及大兴土壤中颗粒态磷向真溶态磷转化。长期施用粪肥主要通过促进颗粒态磷向真溶态磷转化进而影响土壤水分散性磷形态。The effects of long-term manure application on water-dispersible phosphorus(P)content and morphological distribution in three zonal soils were explored to provide references for understanding the risk assessment of P loss.The soil samples were collected from the farmland in Daxing Beijing(Fluvo-aquic soils),Yueyang Hunan(Red earths)and Zhanjiang Guangdong(Humid-thermo ferralitic)from May 2021 to August 2021,the sample was a composite mix of five individual surface soil cores(0-20 cm).The characteristics of water-dispersible P,morphological distribution,and minerals contents were studied.Compared with the treatment without manure application,the water-dispersible P content of the three zonal soils in Daxing,Yueyang and Zhanjiang was significantly increased by 1.15,1.32,14.00 times,respectively.Long-term application of manure significantly changed the distribution ratio of different forms of water-dispersible P in the total soil water-dispersible P,and the proportion of particulate P in Daxing and Yueyang soils decreased significantly by 30.22 and 14.68 percentage points,respectively,while the proportion of dissolved P significantly increased by 29.83 and 28.06 percentage points,respectively.The proportion of colloidal P in Yueyang soil significantly decreased by 13.37 percentage,and the proportion of dissolved P in Zhanjiang soil with long-term manure application significantly increased by 8.24 percentage points,compared with the soils without manure application.Long-term manure application remarkablely changed the content of soil water-dispersible minerals.Compared to the control group without manure application,the content of water-dispersible calcium in Daxing,Yueyang,and Zhanjiang soils increased significantly by 0.55,1.66,and 4.15 times,respectively.The water-dispersible magnesium content also significantly increased by 0.66,1.46,and 8.39 times in these soils.Additionally,the water-dispersible aluminum content in Daxing soil increased by 9.09%,while it decreased significantly by 19.90%and 77.27%in Yueyang and

关 键 词：粪肥 水分散性磷 地带性土壤 流失风险 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S143[农业科学—肥料学]