寒区铁路隧道防寒抗冻关键技术研究与展望  

Research on and Prospect of Key Technologies of Frost-proofing and Anti-freezing for Railway Tunnels in Cold Regions

作　　者：田四明 王伟 刘建友 徐湉源 张矿三 孙克国[4] TIAN Siming;WANG Wei;LIU Jianyou;XU Tianyuan;ZHANG Kuangsan;SUN Keguo(China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute,Beijing 100038,China;China Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China;China National Academy of Railway Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081;Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京100038 [2]中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司,北京100055 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100081 [4]西南交通大学,四川成都610031

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2024年第1期21-34,I0025-I0038,共28页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司重点课题(N2021G057)。

摘　　要：寒区铁路隧道冻害问题不仅威胁到隧道结构的稳定,同时给铁路安全运营带来巨大的安全隐患,其一直是寒区隧道工程的难点和研究热点,工程界迫切需要可靠、高效的防寒抗冻工程技术措施。首先,调研了我国寒区铁路隧道的建设及运营情况,总结分析了常见的隧道冻害现象,包括衬砌开裂掉块、拱顶挂冰、道床积冰、排水系统冻结等。然后,针对当前寒区隧道缺乏隧道温度场时空分布预测方法、隧道冻害机制和演化规律不清晰、防寒抗冻设计方法与治理技术不成熟这3个技术难点,对已取得的研究成果进行总结和讨论,相关成果如下:1)研发了寒区隧道室内试验系统,结合大量的温度场相关实测数据,探明了温度场时空分布规律,建立了温度场预测方法;2)研发了渗流试验设备,揭示了冻害产生的链发式机制,查明了排水系统冻结规律与冻融响应机制;3)建立了寒区铁路隧道抗冻防寒设计标准,形成了隧道冻害综合防控体系。最后,展望了我国寒区铁路隧道防寒抗冻研究在防寒保温材料、主动保温系统、温度场规律预测等方面进一步深化研究的方向。The damages of railway tunnels in cold regions caused by freezing not only jeopardize the stability of the tunnel structures,but also bring huge potential safety hazards to the safe operation of the railways.The freezinginduced damage has always been a challenge and a hot research topic for tunnels in cold regions.The engineering community urgently needs reliable and efficient engineering technical measures in aspect of frost-proofing and antifreezing.In this paper,the railway tunnels under construction or in operation in cold regions in China are investigated,and the common freezing-induced damages of tunnels,including the cracking and spalling of the lining,the icicles on the tunnel crown,the ice accumulation in the track bed,and the freezing of the drainage system,are summarized and analyzed;then,in view of the three technical difficulties including the lack of the prediction method for the spatiotemporal distribution of the temperature fields of the tunnels,the unclear mechanism and evolution of the freezing-induced damages of the tunnels,and the immature design method and treatment technology for frost-proofing and anti-freezing,the research results obtained so far are summarized and discussed.The relevant achievements are as follows:(1)The indoor experimental system for tunnels in cold regions is developed;the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of the temperature fields is obtained on the basis of the extensive temperature field data measured;the temperature field prediction method is established.(2)The seepage experiment equipment is developed,the chain-type mechanism of the freezing-induced damage is unveiled,and the freezing pattern and the freezing-thawing response mechanism of the drainage system are identified.(3)The design standard for the frostproofing and anti-freezing of the railway tunnels in cold regions is established,and a comprehensive prevention and control system for the freezing-induced damages of tunnels is formed.Finally,the development direction of further researches on the frost-proof

关 键 词：寒区铁路隧道 隧道冻害 温度场预测 冻害机制 防寒抗冻技术 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]