轨道交通工程中消火栓系统设计关键技术探讨  

Key Design Technology of Fire Hydrant System in Urban Rail Transit

作　　者：周金忠 张美琴 范太兴 杜金海 ZHOU Jinzhong;ZHANG Meiqin;FAN Taixing;DU Jinhai(China Railway Liuyuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司,天津300308

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2024年第1期139-147,共9页Tunnel Construction

摘　　要：为设计出更加安全可靠、经济合理的轨道交通工程,介绍南京—马鞍山城际铁路(简称宁马线)消火栓系统设计中的一些关键技术及其相对于常规传统设计的优点。首先,在对规范解读及工程经验分析的基础上,首次提出“轨道交通工程中,为了保证消防安全,消防泵房保护距离尽量控制在2000 m以内”的原则。为了将此理念落实到具体设计中,在本工程中提出一种新的消防供水方案,即“消防供水多方案组合模式”,具体内容为:1)优先选用一站带左右各半个相邻区间的方案;2)当区间长度小于2000 m时,也可以采用一站带一相邻区间方案;3)当区间长度大于4000 m时,在一站带左右各半个相邻区间方案的基础上,在区间风井处设置独立的消防泵房,以保证所有消防泵房的保护距离控制在2000 m以内;4)将各消防泵房的供水单元完全独立。其次,在车站给水水压制式方面,提出2种单路水源高架站的消防供水方案及其适用范围,即:1)室外低压、室内临时高压系统,适用范围为“高架站布置在市政道路一侧,并且车站离市区较近、消防基础设施条件较好,能保证足量消防车及时赶到火灾现场”或“条件特别困难的既有高架车站改造”;2)室内外共用临时高压消防系统,适用范围为“高架站布置在市政道路中央”或“车站离市区较远、消防基础设施条件比较不利,不能保证足量消防车及时赶到火灾现场”。最后,在消防设施布置方面,提出“高架车站室外消防水池、扑救类室外消火栓”的布置原则,其中最重要的2条为:1)室外低压、室内临时高压系统中,当高架站超出消防水池150 m保护半径时,应增设相应的消防水池取水井;2)车站扑救面上布置室外消火栓时,应优先布置在每个高架站出入口附近。Rail transport engineering that is safe,reliable,and cost-effective is a developing trend in the rail transit system.In this study,key technologies in designing the fire hydrant system of the Nanjing-Ma′anshan intercity railway and its advantages over conventional designs are introduced.Initially,through interpreting relevant codes and analyzing engineering experience,a principle of"pump room protection distance for fire hydrants within 2000 m"and a fire water supply scheme termed"multi-scheme water supply combination mode in case of fire"are proposed.The specific contents include the following:(1)Scheme I,where two adjacent stations are responsible for the half sections ahead of and behind the stations,is prioritized.(2)For section lengths less than 2000 m,Scheme II can be adopted,wherein one station is responsible for the entire single-line section between two stations.(3)For sections more than 4000 m,an independent fire pump room should be established at the ventilation shaft based on Scheme I to ensure that the protection distance of all fire pump rooms is within 2000 m.(4)Each fire pump room′s water supply units should be fully segregated.Subsequently,two innovative fire-fighting water supply schemes for single-water source viaduct stations are proposed:the outdoor low-voltage and indoor temporary high-voltage system for viaduct stations adjacent to municipal roads and near cities with robust fire-fighting infrastructure;and the indoor and outdoor temporary high-voltage system for those in the middle of municipal roads and distant from cities with inadequate fire-fighting infrastructure.Lastly,a layout principle for fire infrastructures,such as outdoor fire water tanks and hydrants for viaduct stations,is proposed.It is recommended that for the outdoor low-voltage and indoor temporary high-voltage system,water tanks should be positioned if the distance between the viaduct station and the tank exceeds 150 m;fire hydrants should be strategically placed at the entrances and exits of viaduct stations.

关 键 词：轨道交通工程 消火栓系统 消火栓泵房保护距离 消防供水多方案组合模式 车站给水水压制式 室外消防水池 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]