定向运动员现实场景图景识别的视觉搜索特征研究  

Study on Visual Search Features of Picture Recognition of Orienteers in Realistic Scenes

作　　者：郭丽敏 杨万兰 刘阳[1] GUO Limin;YANG Wanlan;LIU Yang(Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2023年第11期24-31,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(23YJAZH087);陕西师范大学高水平成果培育项目(2022BA002)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨现实场景中定向运动员在不同地图方位图景识别任务中的视觉搜索特征。方法:采用2(运动水平:专家、新手)×2(地图方位:正常、旋转)的混合实验设计,通过眼动追踪技术,分析不同运动水平的定向运动员在图景识别任务中的眼动差异。结果:1)专家组正确率显著高于新手组、反应时显著低于新手组;地图旋转条件下,专家组和新手组正确率均显著低于正常方位,反应时均显著高于正常方位。2)专家组注视频率显著低于新手组、眼跳频率显著高于新手组、注视热点更为集中,注视轨迹更为精准。3)在地图旋转条件下,专家组和新手组眼跳次数显著高于正常方位,注视频率显著低于正常方位;专家组眼跳频率显著低于正常方位,在关键兴趣区的注视时间显著高于正常方位,专家组重点关注地图指北标志和检查点说明表信息。结论:专家组在图景识别任务中具有专项认知优势,表现出“低注视频率、高眼跳频率、关键信息注视集中”的目标导向视觉搜索特征,具有较高的信息提取和匹配能力;地图方位影响定向运动员现实场景图景识别的行为绩效,指北标志和检查点说明表信息在地图旋转任务中具有重要的引导作用。Objective:To investigate the visual search patterns of orienteers in picture recognition task with different map orientations in realistic scenes.Methods:The mixed experimental design of 2(skill level:expert,novice)×2(map orientation:standard,rotated)was used to analyze the disparities in eye movements of orienteers with different skill levels in picture recognition task through eye tracking technology.Results:1)The expert group displayed significantly higher accuracy rate and significantly lower reaction time compared with the novice group.Under the rotated map condition,both the expert group and novice group exhibited significantly lower accuracy rates and longer reaction times than the standard orientation.2)The expert group demonstrated significantly lower gaze frequency,higher saccades frequency,more concentrated gaze hotspot,and more precise gaze trajectories than the novice group.3)Under the rotated map condition,the saccade frequency of both the expert group and novice group displayed a significantly higher number of saccades count and a reduced gaze frequency compared with the standard orientation.The expert group also exhibited lower saccades frequency and longer gaze time on key areas of interest compared with the standard orientation.The expert group placed greater emphasis on the information of the map north pointing sign and the checkpoint descriptions.Conclusions:The expert group has distinct cognitive advantages in picture recognition task,showing the goal-oriented visual search characteristics of“low gaze frequency,high saccade frequency,and focus on key information”,and has strong information extraction and matching abilities.Map orientation affects orienteers’behavioral performance of picture recognition in realistic scenes.The information of north pointing sign and checkpoint descriptions plays an important guiding role in the rotated map task.

关 键 词：定向运动 图景识别 视觉搜索 地图方位 

分 类 号：G826[文化科学—体育训练]