中国式产能过剩:历史考察及对新发展阶段治理的启示  

China-style Overcapacity:Historical Review and Implications for Governance in New Development Stage

作　　者：梁泳梅[1] LIANG Yongmei(Institute of Industrial Economics of CASS,Beijing 100006)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100006

出　　处：《江汉大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期102-116,共15页Journal of Jianghan University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“驱动产业链供应链现代化水平提升的关键因素研究”(21ZDA023);中国非洲研究院中非合作研究课题“津巴布韦和南共体的工业发展:借鉴中国经验”(CAI-J2020-04)。

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国经历了四轮较为明显的产能过剩:20世纪90年代的消费品过剩阶段、2003—2007年的部分工业品过剩阶段、2011—2015年的产能过剩全面加剧阶段、2016—2020年的重点行业治理取得阶段性成果阶段,各阶段产能过剩的背景、表现、治理措施及效果不尽相同。历史考察发现,中国式产能过剩具有以下特征:产能过剩跟经济波动密切关联、产能过剩问题反复出现、产能过剩与落后产能问题并存、产能过剩形成机制深刻复杂。在新发展阶段,治理产能过剩问题既要推动存量过剩产能退出,更要从根本上构建预防过剩产能反复的长效机制,建议重点关注以下工作:完善市场化法治化机制,构建过剩产能高效退出机制;推动政府治理机制改革,探索政府与市场结合新模式;加快科技自主创新,推动供需结构匹配;加快构建“管资本”国有资产监管体制,重点推动国有企业产能利用率提升。Since the reform and opening up,China has experienced four rounds of relatively obvious overcapacity:the surplus of consumer goods in the 1990s,the surplus of some industrial products from 2003 to 2007,the overall intensification of overcapacity from 2011 to 2015,and the phased results achieved in the governance of key industries from 2016 to 2020.The background,performance,treatment measures and effects of overcapacity in each stage are different.Historical investigation has found that the Chinese overcapacity has the following characteristics:overcapacity is closely related to economic fluctuations,overcapacity problems occur repeatedly,overcapacity and backward production capacity coexist,and the formation mechanism of overcapacity is profound and complex.In the new stage of development,China must not only promote the withdrawal of excess capacity,but also fundamentally establish a long-term mechanism to prevent the recurrence of excess capacity.It is suggested to focus on the following aspects:improve the market-oriented rule of law mechanism,build an efficient exit mechanism of excess capacity,promote the reform of government governance mechanisms and explore new models of combining government and the market,accelerate independent innovation in science and technology and promote the matching of supply and demand structures;speed up the establishment of a state-owned assets supervision system for“capital management,”and focus on promoting the capacity utilization rate of state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：产能过剩 需求端管理 供给侧结构性改革 新发展阶段 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]