基于风险因子评价的沼液对小麦安全利用阈值研究  

Esearch on the Application of Liquid Digestate for Wheat Based on Risk Factor Evaluation

作　　者：胡小山 孟登辉 彭轮 丁健 余天雨 孟留洋 周文宁 童佳峰 刘明月 闫丙建 刘龙 HU Xiaoshan;MENG Denghui;PENG Lun;DING Jian;YU Tianyu;MENG Liuyang;ZHOU Wenning;TONG Jiafeng;LIU Mingyue;YAN Bingjian;LIU Long(Henan Muyuan Ecological Environmental Technology Co Ltd,Nanyang 473000,China;Muyuan Foods Co Ltd,Nanyang 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧原生态环境科技有限公司,河南南阳473000 [2]牧原食品股份有限公司,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《中国沼气》2024年第1期60-69,共10页China Biogas

摘　　要：建立沼液安全施用研究方法,探究沼液在不同酸度的土壤中对小麦作物的安全施用阈值,为沼液安全利用提供依据。分析沼液成分,通过室内盆栽试验和田间试验确定对小麦生长产生抑制作用的组分,进而确定各成分最高浓度。结果说明:1)挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)在酸性土壤、无机离子在碱性土壤对小麦生长的抑制作用更为明显;2)VFAs主要以分子形式抑制小麦生长,VFAs在小麦分蘖期比越冬期更明显抑制小麦生长,温度高促进VFAs水解为分子;3)由于碱性土具有更强的保盐能力,小麦生长易受无机离子影响;4)无机离子主要成分为氮、磷、钾,按照测土配方施用不影响小麦生长。沼液施用至酸性土壤需控制VFAs浓度,pH值7.5的土壤沼液播后底肥、分蘖期至苗期、分蘖后期、越冬期、返青拔节期追肥的VFAs浓度分别不超过45 mmol·L^(-1)、11 mmol·L^(-1)、23 mmol·L^(-1)、30 mmol·L^(-1)、18 mmol·L^(-1),且土壤pH值越低,VFAs安全浓度越低。Establish a research method for the safe application of liquid digestate and investigate the safety threshold criteria for the application on wheat crops in soils with different acidity,thus maximize the utilization.The components of liquid digestate were analyzed to target those that inhibit the growth of wheat through following pot and filed trails.Then the maximum concentration of each risk factor was determined.1)Volatile fatty acids(VFAs)inhibit the growth of wheat more significantly in acidic soils,while the inhibition effect was stronger in alkaline soils by inorganic ions.2)The inhibition of VFAs on wheat shows more severely at the tillering stage than overwintering stage due to high temperatures promoting the hydrolysis of acidic ions into molecules.3)The growth of wheat was stronger inhibited by inorganic ion in alkaline soils due to the greater salt retention capacity.4)The inhibition will be avoided when the liquid digestate is applied according to the nutrient demand testing logic,due to the main species of inorganic ions are nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.VFAs have restricted concentration when the liquid digestate acts as fertilizer.In detail,for the soil of pH 7.5,the restricted concentration of VFAs during different growth period of rice is respectively 45 mmol·L^(-1)、11 mmol·L^(-1)、23 mmol·L^(-1)、30 mmol·L^(-1)、18 mmol·L^(-1)for post-sowing stage,tillering to seedling stage,late tillering stage,overwintering stage and greening stage.Besides,the threshold concentration of VFAs becomes lower along with the pH value of soil.

关 键 词：沼液 猪粪 挥发性脂肪酸 无机离子 小麦 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X713[农业科学—农业工程]