20世纪20—30年代苏联的卫生外交  

Soviet health diplomacy in the 1920s and 1930s

作　　者：吕卉[1] 何文佩 Lu Hui;He Wenpei(Hainan University)

机构地区：[1]海南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《欧亚人文研究（中俄文）》2024年第1期57-63,91,92,共9页Eurasian Humanities Studies

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金重点项目“苏联全民免费医疗模式研究”(项目批准号:23ASS003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：十月革命后,苏俄政府充分利用帝俄时期具有丰富国际卫生合作经验的医学人才从事卫生外交,参与创建国际卫生公约,争取国际社会对新生苏俄政权的认可,打破欧洲以邻为壑对苏设立的卫生防疫限制,促进了贸易增长。国内战争时期,苏俄红十字会和红新月会国际联合会是新生政权与外界沟通的唯一正式渠道,在战俘交换、购买医疗设备和争取国际社会食品援助方面开展工作,同时积极对外宣传苏俄卫生组织原则,争取卫生领域话语权。苏联医疗卫生社会化模式在国际上塑造了苏维埃国家积极形象,促进了国际社会对苏联政治进程的广泛支持,但苏联政府试图影响西方国家重建医疗卫生体系的目标未能达成。苏联医疗卫生模式宣传重优越形象塑造,轻科研数据支撑,也引发了国际医学界的质疑。After the October Revolution,the Soviet government made full use of medical personnel with rich experience in international health cooperation during the Imperial Russian period to engage in health diplomacy.The newly formed government of the young country also participated in the creation of the International Sanitary Conventions,fought for recognition of the new state by the international community,overcame European restrictions on public health and epidemic prevention,and rebuilt international trade relations.During the civil war,the International Federation of Soviet Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies was the only official channel of communication between the new regime and the outside world,working on prisoner-of-war exchanges,the purchase of medical equipment,and securing food aid from the international community,while at the same time actively promoting the principles of the Soviet health organization to the outside world and competing for a voice in the field of health.The Soviet model of socialization of health care created a positive image of the Soviet state in the international arena and promoted broad international support for the Soviet political process.However,the Soviet government's attempts to influence Western countries to rebuild their health care systems failed.The propaganda of the Soviet model of medicine and health care,which emphasized superior image-building over scientific data support,also raised questions in the international medical community.

关 键 词：苏联 卫生外交 国际联盟 红十字会 

分 类 号：K511.2[历史地理—历史学]