丘陵山区小型玉米收获机单行去穗机构设计与试验  

Design and experiment of single-row ear harvesting mechanism for small-scale corn harvester in hilly mountainous areas

作　　者：向旺 孙玉华[1,2] 王鹏 王佩根[1] 龙海天 谢守勇 Xiang Wang;Sun Yuhua;Wang Peng;Wang Peigen;Long Haitian;Xie Shouyong(College of Engineering Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Hilly and Mountainous Areas,Chongqing,400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆市400715 [2]丘陵山区农业装备重庆市重点实验室,重庆市400715

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第1期28-34,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：重庆市农业农村委员会农业技术创新项目——大豆玉米带状复合种植播种及收获装备研究与应用。

摘　　要：玉米作为我国主要农作物之一,在丘陵山区玉米的产量并没有较大提升,其原因是丘陵山区玉米收获机械化程度较低。因此,针对丘陵山区玉米机械化收获的问题,设计一款单行不平行去穗机构。通过受力分析,玉米脱离方向的合力大小是决定玉米是否从穗柄脱离的关键,摘穗辊的转速与植株结穗位置直径大小是影响合力的关键参数。同时,设计适应于丘陵山区的三角履带底盘,通过受力分析知道由三角履带底盘承载的玉米收获机能够在最大坡度19.2°的山坡作业,并通过试验验证。由Adams仿真得到玉米穗在受到竖直方向拉力时玉米穗脱离穗柄的力在100~200 N之间。同时,利用拉力试验机对随机选取的郑单958玉米进行5种不同拉力速度试验,验证仿真结果的准确性。基于试验与仿真的结果,确定摘穗辊的转速应大于473 r/min。最后在自制的小型单行玉米收获机上进行去穗试验,试验结果表明:籽粒破损率为0.69%,玉米穗撞击损伤率为0.83%,断穗率为6.7%,所设计的去穗机构去穗效果良好,同时搭载三角履带底盘能够满足玉米收获机在较大坡度山地的作业要求,可靠性较高。As one of the main crops in China,the yield of corn has not been greatly improved in hilly areas because of the low degree of agricultural mechanization in hilly areas.Therefore,a single-line unparallel ears removal structure is designed for the problem of maize mechanized harvesting in hilly mountainous areas.Through force analysis,the resultant force in the direction of corn picking is the key to determine whether corn detaches from the peduncle,and the speed of the picking roller and the diameter of the plant heading position are the key parameters affecting the resultant force.At the same time,a triangular track chassis adapted to hilly and mountainous areas was designed.Through force analysis,it is known that the corn harvester carried by the triangular track chassis can work on the hillside with the maximum slope of 19.2°,which has been verified by the test.According to Adams simulation,the force of the corn ear being pulled away from the stem in the vertical direction was between 100 N and 200 N.At the same time,the randomly selected Zhengdan 958 corn was tested by a tensile testing machine at five different speeds,which verified the accuracy of the simulation results.Based on the results of the experiment and simulation,the speed of the picking roller should be over 473 r/min.At last,tests on a self-made small corn harvester were carried out,and its results showed that the grain broken rate was 0.69%,the average impact injury rate was 0.83%,and the broken ear rate was 6.7%.The designed single-row non-parallel ear-picking roller ear-removing mechanism had a good ear-removing effect,and the triangular crawler chassis could meet the operation requirements of the corn harvester in the steep slope mountains,with high reliability.

关 键 词：丘陵山区 玉米去穗机构 动力学仿真 拉力试验 抗倾覆试验 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]