我国蔬菜精量直播装备技术现状与发展趋势  

Current state and development trend of precision seeding equipment for vegetable seeds in China

作　　者：言育谦 刘云强 吴海华[1,2] 刘立晶 Yan Yuqian;Liu Yunqiang;Wu Haihua;Liu Lijing(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing,100083,China;National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Technology,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京市100083 [2]农业装备技术全国重点实验室,北京市100083

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第1期54-60,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2022CXGC010612)。

摘　　要：蔬菜生长周期短,经济效益高,蔬菜产业已成为我国农业发展的重要支撑,但因其种子粒径较小、形状不规则、机械播种难度大等特点,导致目前蔬菜播种机械化程度不高,生产效率较低,严重制约蔬菜产业的进一步发展。以部分典型蔬菜播种机为例,阐述国内外蔬菜播种机的研究现状及先进蔬菜播种技术,指出目前我国蔬菜直播机存在排种器通用性较差、播种效率和精度较低、电气智能化程度不高等问题,蔬菜播种机研发仍处于初级阶段。认为我国未来蔬菜直播机的发展方向将以大型气力式和小型清洁能源的机械式为主,并建议制定农艺标准及规范,提高播种机的通用性、加快新技术应用,为精量蔬菜播种机的研制提供参考。The vegetable growth cycle is short,the economic benefit is high,the industry has become an important support for the development of Chinese agriculture.But the seed size is small,irregular shape,mechanical sowing difficulty and other characteristics.It leads to the current situation that vegetable planting mechanization degree is not high,the production efficiency is low,which has seriously restricted the further development of the vegetable industry.Taking some typical vegetable planter as an example,the research status of vegetable planter at home and abroad and the advanced vegetable sowing technology are described.It is pointed out that there are some problems in the generality of seed arranger,low sowing efficiency and precision,and low degree of electrical intelligence of vegetable seeder.The research and development of vegetable seeder is still in the primary stage.It is believed that the development direction of vegetable live seeding machine in China in the future will be mainly large pneumatic type and small mechanical type with clean energy.It is suggested that the agronomic standards and norms should be formulated to improve the generality of the seeding machine and speed up the application of new technology,so as to provide reference for the development of precision vegetable seeding machine.

关 键 词：蔬菜播种机 精量播种 蔬菜直播机 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]