基于农产品进出口贸易视角的农业机械化发展研究  

Research on the development of agricultural mechanization based on the perspective of agricultural products import and export trade

作　　者：常江雪[1] 白学峰 鲁植雄[3] Chang Jiangxue;Bai Xuefeng;Lu Zhixiong(Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Commerce,Nanjing,210007,China;Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Test and Appraisal Station,Nanjing,210017,China;College of Engineering,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210031,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏经贸职业技术学院,南京市210007 [2]江苏省农业机械试验鉴定站,南京市210017 [3]南京农业大学工学院,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第1期315-321,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2022—15、NJ2022—16);2023年江苏省高等学校优秀科技创新团队基金资助项目;江苏经贸职业技术学院“领军人才”资助。

摘　　要：为推进全程全面绿色高效农业机械化发展,基于农产品进出口贸易的视角分析农业机械化存在的短板弱项问题。目前我国农业存在贸易逆差逐年增加、主要农产品贸易逆差扩大、劳动密集型农产品比较优势逐渐消失、主要农产品自给率较低等发展现状。在农业机械化方面,小农经济及二元经济结构现状制约着适度规模经营的发展进度,农业规模化种植的生产效益还未充分体现;全程全面高质高量农业机械还不充分;全程农业机械化种植农艺技术推广应用还需加强。农业机械化发展应立足于保障粮食安全与提高农业经营主体经济效益的基本定位,关键在于提高农产品生产效率,改善农产品质量,提高农产品国际竞争力。基于上述分析,提出推进适度规模经营、推动短板弱项农业装备创新发展、优化农业机械化支持政策、推进先进适用农艺技术推广应用、强化农产品初加工装备研发及推广等发展建议。In order to promote the development of agricultural mechanization,this paper analyzes the weaknesses of agricultural mechanization from the perspective of import and export trade of agricultural products,and puts forward targeted development suggestions.Currently,China s agriculture still has a trade deficit of agricultural products that increases year by year;the trade deficit in major agricultural products is large.The comparative advantage of labor-intensive agricultural products export gradually disappears.The self-sufficiency rate of major agricultural products is low.In terms of agricultural mechanization,the problems of small-scale peasant economy and Dual-sector model restrict the development progress of moderate scale operation,and the production benefits of agricultural large-scale planting have not yet been fully reflected.The comprehensive and high-quality agricultural machinery throughout the entire process is not yet sufficient.The popularization and application of agricultural mechanization planting agronomic technology need to be strengthened.The article points out that the development of agricultural mechanization should be based on the basic positioning of ensuring food security and improving the economic benefits of agricultural operators.And the focus of work is to improve the production efficiency of agricultural products,improve the quality of agricultural products,and enhance the international competitiveness of agricultural products.Based on the above analysis,the article proposes specific development suggestions such as promoting moderate scale operation,promoting innovative development of agricultural equipment with weaknesses,optimizing agricultural mechanization support policies,promoting the popularization and application of advanced and applicable agronomic techniques,and strengthening the research and development and promotion of agricultural product initial processing equipment.

关 键 词：农产品 进出口贸易 逆差 农业机械化 粮食安全 

分 类 号：S23—9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]