苯系物与噪声联合暴露对男工职业性噪声性听力损失的影响  

Effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers

作　　者：樊惠玲 焦洁 张磊 李雨铮 姚玲莉 王冰 郝长付 姚武 FAN Hui-ling;JIAO Jie;ZHANG Lei;LI Yu-zheng;YAO Ling-li;WANG Bing;HAO Chang-fu;YAO Wu(Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health,School of Public Health,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院,劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,河南郑州450001 [2]河南省第三人民医院(河南省职业病医院),劳动卫生科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第2期233-237,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81872574)

摘　　要：目的探讨苯系物和噪声联合暴露对工人职业性噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的影响。方法选择某客车制造企业1283名男工为研究对象,根据工作场所噪声与苯系物暴露情况将工人分为两组,噪声暴露组889人,苯系物与噪声联合暴露组394人。对工人分别进行左、右耳500 Hz、1000 Hz、2000 Hz、3000 Hz、4000 Hz、6000 Hz 6个频率的纯音气导听阈测试,比较两组的高频及语频听力损失差异,并分析年龄、工龄、体重指数、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、暴露因素对听力损失的影响。结果苯系物与噪声联合暴露组工人高频听力损失和语频听力损失检出率均高于噪声暴露组(P<0.01);随年龄增加,工人听力损失检出率升高(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄≥20年及饮酒是工人高频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01);苯系物与噪声联合暴露、年龄≥40岁、工龄10~20年是研究对象语频听力损失的危险因素(P<0.01)。苯系物与噪声联合暴露增加了工人NIHL的风险(OR高频=1.974,OR语频=13.086)。结论苯系物与噪声联合暴露可能对NIHL具有协同作用。Objective To investigate the effects of combined exposure to benzene mixture and noise on occupational noise-induced hearing loss in male workers.Methods This study focused on 1283 male workers from a bus manufacturing company.A total of 889 workers exposed occupational noise were in the noise exposure group,and 394 workers exposed to both benzene mixture and noise were in the combined exposure group.Pure-tone air conduction threshold tests were conducted on both groups at six frequencies:500 Hz,1000 Hz,2000 Hz,3000 Hz,4000 Hz,and 6000 Hz.Then the differences in high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss between the two groups were compared and the impact of age,work experience,body mass index(BMI),smoking,alcohol consumption,hypertension,and exposure factors on hearing loss was analyzed.Results The high-frequency and speech-frequency hearing loss in the combined exposure group were significantly higher than the noise group(P<0.01).As age increased,the detection rate of hearing loss also increased among the workers(P<0.01).Combined exposure to benzene and noise,age≥40 years,work experience≥20 years,and alcohol consumption were the risk factors for high-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01).Combined exposure to benzene and noise,age≥40 years,and work experience of 10-20 years were the risk factors for speech-frequency hearing loss(P<0.01).Combined exposure to benzene and noise increased the risk of noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)among the workers(OR for high-frequency=1.974,OR for speech-frequency=13.086).Conclusion Combined exposure to benzene and noise may have a synergistic effect on NIHL.

关 键 词：苯系物 噪声 联合暴露 职业性听力损失 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]