中国体育史学学科开端辨析:以学科基本要素的形成为中心  

An Analysis on the Beginning of Chinese Sport Historiography:Focusing on the Formation of Disciplinary Fundamental Elements

作　　者：李兆旭 LI Zhaoxu(History Department,School of Humanities,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院历史系,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2023年第9期15-23,共9页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“中国体育史学史研究(1919-2022)”(项目编号:GD22YTY03)。

摘　　要：为理解中国体育史学建构知识的初始逻辑,深化对中国体育史学的认识,运用文献资料法、跨学科研究法和比较研究法,研究了郭希汾《中国体育史》及先于其问世的早期体育史专题研究,分析了体育史学形成学科基本要素的过程,阐述了郭希汾《中国体育史》对中国体育史学的开创之功。中国体育史学要形成学科,必须具备近代学科的基本要素,即特定的研究对象、系统的研究方法、特定的原理和规律。早期体育史专题研究依据“体育”概念初步筛选了研究对象的内涵和外延,还在文明史观的影响下,初步生发了一些研究方法、基本原理和规律。但此时体育史学的学科基本要素尚处于萌芽状态,存在研究对象不均衡不系统、史料实证能力欠缺、无法充分阐发基本原理和规律等严重缺陷。以郭希汾《中国体育史》为中国体育史学之始,正是因为其建构了中国本土体育史的知识系统,阐明了体育史对体育学科成长的意义,宣告了体育史学学科基本要素的成形。早期体育史学专题研究是探讨“体育”这一公共议题的产物,而非制度化、职业化体育学研究的成果;今人研究中国体育史学史,需要正视体育史学的跨学科本质和在公众传播中生成知识的史实,拓展史料检索和研读的视野。In order to understand the initial logic of knowledge construction in Chinese sports historiography,through literature review,interdisciplinary theories and comparative study,this paper studied Guo Xifen's Chinese Sport History and several underrated articles on sport history before Guo's work(hereafter"early studies")to offer new insights into how sport historiography emerged in China as a modern discipline as well as the pioneering work of Guo.Chinese sports historiography should involve three essential factors:namely explicit research subjects,sys-tematic methodology and specific principles.Early studies,influenced by civilization historiography,prefigured the essential factors of sport historiography,but their immaturity meant that the discipline had not been in place un-til Guo's book was published.Guo's book generated all those essential factors by presenting a complete Chinese sport history and emphasizing the position of sport historiography in sport science.Early studies emerged as public discussions on"physical education/health and fitness"rather than institutionalized academic outputs.To study Chi-nese sport historiography,researchers need to face squarely the interdisciplinary nature of sports history and knowl-edge generating in public communication,and expand the vision of historical data retrieval and close reading.

关 键 词：体育史学 西方体育史 中国体育史 文明史观 郭希汾 

分 类 号：G812.9[文化科学—体育学]