4批进口“铜精矿”的表征及属性鉴别  

Characterization and attribute identification of 4 batches of imported"copper concentrate"

作　　者：吴倩桦 洪体玉 冯均利 廖敏萍 钟坚海 唐梦奇 WU Qianhua;HONG Tiyu;FENG Junli;LIAO Minping;ZHONG Jianhai;TANG Mengqi(Nanning Customs Technology Centre,Nanning 530022,China;Shenzhen Customs Industrial Products Inspection Technology Center,Shenzhen 518067,China;Fangchenggang Customs Comprehensive Technical Service Centre,Fangchenggang 538001,China;Xiamen Customs Technology Centre,Xiamen 361026,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁海关技术中心,广西南宁530022 [2]深圳海关工业品检测技术中心,广东深圳518067 [3]防城海关综合技术服务中心,广西防城港538001 [4]厦门海关技术中心,福建厦门361026

出　　处：《冶金分析》2023年第12期40-46,共7页Metallurgical Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1904802);福建省科技计划项目(2021I0032);南宁海关科研项目(2023NNHG02)。

摘　　要：随着中国工业的飞速发展,中国铜矿资源短缺使得铜矿及其精矿的对外依存度逐渐提高。正确区分铜矿及其精矿与含铜固体废物,有助于维护国家生产安全及环境安全。本文通过对申报品名为“铜精矿”且外观相似的4批进口含铜物料进行物相分析和元素组成分析,同时查阅相关文献,结合生产工艺开展溯源分析,得出铜精矿与含铜固体废物的鉴别特征。经分析,申请进口的4批含铜物料分别为典型硫化铜矿、含铜污泥、黄渣和铜浮渣。典型铜精矿物相组成为黄铜矿、孔雀石和氧化铜等天然含铜矿物,铜、硫和铁含量较高,铅、砷、锑等有毒元素含量较低。含铜污泥结晶程度较差,含有较高的非金属元素如钙、磷等。铅冶炼含铜固体废物如黄渣、铜浮渣,物相以含砷、锑等元素的化合物为主,且铅、砷、锑等有毒元素含量较高。本文通过X射线衍射法(XRD)和X射线荧光光谱技术(XRF),结合物料产生工艺鉴别铜精矿与含铜固体废物,为加快和提高含铜固体废物的识别率提供可靠的技术支撑。The lack of copper ore resources has gradually increased the external dependence on copper ore and its concentrate with the rapid development of industry in China.The correct identification of copper ore and its concentrate as well as copper-containing solid waste is helpful to maintain the national production safety and environmental safety.The phase analysis and element composition analysis were carried out for four batches of imported copper-containing materials with similar appearance and declared product named"copper concentrates".The relevant literatures were consulted and the traceability analysis of production process were conducted.The identification characteristics of copper concentrate and copper-containing solid waste were obtained.The results indicated that four batches of copper-containing materials that have been submitted for import were typical copper sulfide ore,copper-bearing sludge,yellow slag,and copper scum.The typical copper concentrate consisted of chalcopyrite,malachite,copper oxide and other natural copper-bearing minerals.The content of copper,sulfur and iron was relatively high,and the content of toxic elements such as lead,arsenic and antimony were low.The crystallization degree of copper-containing sludge was low,and it contained high content of non-metallic elements such as calcium and phosphorus.The lead smelting copper-containing solid wastes such as yellow slag and copper scum were mainly composed of the compounds containing arsenic,antimony and other elements,and the contents of toxic elements such as lead,arsenic and antimony were high.The proposed method provided reliable technical support for the identification of copper concentrates and copper-containing solid waste by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy(XRF)as well as material production process,accelerating and improving the identification rate of copper-containing solid waste.

关 键 词：铜精矿 含铜物料 属性鉴别 物相分析 元素分析 X射线衍射法(XRD) X射线荧光光谱法(XRF) 

分 类 号：O657.3[理学—分析化学] TF03[理学—化学]