城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型研究  

Study on the spread model of urban secondary fire induced by earthquake

作　　者：钟江荣[1,2] 王祺 林旭川 ZHONG Jiangrong;WANG Qi;LIN Xuchuan(Key Laboratory of Earthquak Engineering and Engineering Vibration.Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster,Mitigation of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所,地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《世界地震工程》2024年第1期49-57,共9页World Earthquake Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(20128YFC1504602)。

摘　　要：地震次生火灾是震后发生最为频繁和造成灾害损失最为严重的次生灾害。随着城市化进程的加快,原本城乡结合处的老旧建筑成片区大量存在,一旦地震发生,建筑破坏尤为严重,区域建筑密集等因素为次生火灾的发生和蔓延提供了基础条件,因此对城市地震次生火灾研究显得尤为重要。从工程应用出发,通过确定火灾蔓延的经验参数,建立了基于建筑的城市地震次生火灾蔓延模型,模型主要包括建筑内火灾蔓延和相邻建筑之间的火灾蔓延两个过程,模型中考虑了建筑结构类型、地震对建筑破坏、风速和风向和相邻建筑蔓延的极限距离等影响因素对蔓延的影响。利用1995年日本阪神大地震中水笠公园周边建筑火灾蔓延实际数据,与本文建立的模型模拟结果进行对比分析,说明该模型具有较好的可信度。Post-earthquake fire is the most frequent after the earthquake,causing the most serious losses of secondary disasters.With the acceleration of the urbanization process,there are a large number of old buildings in the fringe of urban and rural.Once the earthquake happens,the building damage is especially serious.Then,the regional damaged and concentrated buildings provide a basis for fire occurrence and spreading.So,it is important to study the urban post-earthquake fire.In this paper,from the point of engineering application,a building-based model of urban earthquake secondary fire spread was established by determining the empirical parameters of fire spread.The fire spreading processes included spreading inside building and between adjacent buildings.The influence of structure type,earthquake damage to building,wind speed&direction,and the limit distance of adjacent buildings were considered in the model.Based on the actual fire spread datum around Mizukasa Park in Nagata Ward after the Hanshin earthquake in 1995,a comparison was made between the simulation results of the model and actual datum.It showed that the model had good reliability.

关 键 词：地震灾害 次生火灾 蔓延 蔓延速度 

分 类 号：TU4[建筑科学—土工工程]