干细胞修复感觉神经损伤的研究进展  

Advances in stem cell therapy for sensory nerve injury

作　　者：陈惠东 张云龙 张志坚[1] 华清泉[1] CHEN Huidong;ZHANG Yunlong;ZHANG Zhijian;HUA Qingquan(Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan 430060,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,武汉430060

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（医学版）》2023年第11期1450-1456,共7页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University:Medical Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81271073)。

摘　　要：感觉神经属于周围神经系统的传入神经部分。它们的作用是接受机体内外刺激,传入中枢,形成感觉或反射。外伤、肿瘤侵犯、手术损伤等原因,均可导致感觉神经受损。感觉神经损伤可能会使患者的某些感觉器官功能减退或丧失,如视神经、听神经等重要感觉神经在受损后会给患者生活质量带来严重影响。目前临床上修复感觉神经的方法主要是自体神经移植,但其应用受到各种因素限制,神经功能的恢复效果也常常有限。干细胞具有多向分化潜能,可以分化成施万细胞,继而分泌神经营养因子促进轴突生长和髓鞘再生,施万细胞定向增殖形成宾格尔带,引导神经再生。干细胞也可以分化为神经元,构筑神经缺损的修复材料,是神经修复的理想选择。目前,以干细胞为基础,结合若干关键性的生物技术,例如利用生物聚合或人工合成的表面微图案化的神经导管实现神经缺损的桥接、利用微球实现细胞外基质蛋白和神经营养因子控制性释放等,形成的组织工程学技术正被广泛研究,并取得了一定的成果。该文就干细胞在几种主要的感觉神经如视神经、嗅神经、蜗神经及坐骨神经的感觉神经纤维等损伤修复中的研究进展进行综述,期望为干细胞的神经修复提供新的视角,拓宽干细胞在神经修复中的临床前研究,为后续的临床应用提供参考。Sensory nerves belong to the afferent nerve part of the peripheral nervous system.Their role is to accept the stimuli inside and outside the body and transmit them to the center nerve system to form sensations or reflexes.Sensory nerve damage can be caused by trauma,tumor invasion,surgical injury,etc.Sensory nerve injury may cause decline or loss of some sensory organs function in patients.Damage of important sensory nerves such as optic nerves and auditory nerves can bring profound troubles to patients'lives.So far,the main clinical method to repair sensory nerves is autologous nerve transplantation.However,its application is limited by various factors,and the recovery effect of nerve function is often limited.Stem cells have the potential of multidirectional differentiation,which can differentiate into Schwann cells,and then secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axonal growth and myelin regeneration.Schwann cells directionally proliferate and form Büngner zones which guide nerve regeneration.Stem cells can also differentiate into neurons and construct nerve defect repair materials,which is an ideal choice for nerve repair.At present,the tissue engineering technology based on stem cells,combined with several key biotechnology,such as the use of biopolymerized or artificial surface micro-patterning nerve conduit to bridge nerve defects,and the use of microspheres to achieve the controlled release of extracellular matrix proteins and neurotrophic factors,is being widely studied and has achieved certain research results.This article reviews the research progress of stem cells in the repair of several major sensory nerves,such as optic nerves,olfactory nerves,cochlear nerves and sensory nerve fibers of sciatic nerve,expecting to provide a new perspective for neural repair of stem cells,broaden the preclinical research in nerve repair,and provide reference for follow-up clinical application.

关 键 词：感觉神经 周围神经 干细胞 神经修复 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]