集群对草鱼、鲢幼鱼克流上溯行为的影响  

Effect of Schooling Behavior on Upstream Migration of Juvenile Grass Carp and Silver Carp

作　　者：石小涛[1] 石尚上 罗佳[1] 林晨宇 张金玉 向露露 常文娟 SHI Xiaotao;SHI Shangshang;LUO Jia;LIN Chenyu;ZHANG Jinyu;XIANG Lulu;CHANG Wenjuan(Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地、三峡大学,湖北宜昌443002 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第1期33-46,共14页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金(51922065);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划(T201703)共同资助。

摘　　要：为修复河湖中鱼类的洄游通道和栖息生境,国内外已建设各型护鱼措施并开展大量水力学与生态学相关研究。集群作为一种广泛存在的生物种群行为,解析其在鱼类洄游过程中的作用机制意义重大。本研究营造低湍动能、非均匀流场,针对我国重要淡水经济鱼种草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)展开研究。本研究通过在3种流速工况(0.25~0.50m/s、0.30~0.60 m/s、0.35~0.70 m/s)下,考察5尾处理组和单尾处理组的实验鱼持久上溯能力及上溯行为特征,量化集群对其克流能力的影响并解析原因。研究显示,集群对草鱼持久上溯能力的影响因流速而异,当流速为0.30~0.60m/s和0.35~0.70m/s时,5尾组持久上溯能力分别显著高于(P=0.030)和低于(P=0.048)单尾组;而集群能够普遍提高鲢的持久上溯能力,当流速为0.25~0.50 m/s(P=0.004)和0.35~0.70 m/s(P<0.001)时,5尾组持久上溯能力提升显著。集群多数情况会增加2种鱼的上溯耗时,只有当流速为0.35~0.70m/s时,鲢的首次上溯时长在集群时显著下降(P<0.001)。集群能够帮助草鱼节能上溯,却会增加鲢的上溯累积耗能。综上所述,集群既可提高也可抑制鱼类上溯能力,其对上溯行为的影响主要体现在能耗、视觉反应及克流能力等方面,研究结果可为鱼类保护设施的设计、运行进一步提供可靠支持。The construction of dams impedes energy exchange and material circulation in rivers,and the operation of hydropower stations negatively impacts the function of river ecosystems.Countries across the globe have implemented various fish protection countermeasures and conducted many associated hydraulic and ecological studies to mitigate the impact of hydropower development on fish survival,maintain the abundance and diversity of fish populations,and restore riverine and lacustrine fish migration routes and habitats.Remarkably,wild fish generally migrate in groups,whereas most contemporary studies on fish passage facilities focus on individual fish.Hence,the behavioral characteristics of fish schools are worth investigating.Given that schooling behavior is a pervasive feature of fish communities and plays an essential role in dealing with potential risks,improving self-adaptation,expanding resilience,and enhancing population sustainability,this study concentrated on investigating its effect on upstream fish migration and decoding the internal mechanism.We conducted an experiment targeting grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)and silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),two economically important freshwater fish species in China,on a non-uniform flow ground with low turbulence.The experiment quantified the impact of fish schooling on their ability to overcome flow barriers by examining the ascending sustainability and swimming performance of five-fish groups and one-fish groups at three flow velocity levels(0.25-0.50 m/s,0.30-0.60 m/s,and 0.35-0.70 m/s)utilizing a novel index system.The new index system employed nondimensionalized ascending sustainability,first-attempt endurance,and first-attempt ascending energy consumption to indicate the fish's persistent ascending ability,ascending efficiency,and ascending energy cost,respectively.Finally,the ascending trajectory of fish was investigated simultaneously to determine the distribution of trajectory and the distribution of the hydrodynamic force factor at the trajectory

关 键 词：鲤科鱼类 集群行为 克流能力 上溯轨迹 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]