凡纳滨对虾大水面高盐养殖水体叶绿素a的变化及与环境因子的关系  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Size-Fractionated Chlorophyll-a in Litopenaeus vannamei Mariculture Ponds

作　　者：孙怡茹 张继红[1,2] 吴文广 杜彦秋[1] 孙威 冯旭 康秦梓 孔杰 SUN Yiru;ZHANG Jihong;WU Wenguang;DU Yanqiu;SUN Wei;FENG Xu;KANG Qinzi;KONG Jie(Key Laboratory of of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao 266071,China;Graduate school of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、农业农村部海洋渔业与可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第1期118-127,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48)资助。

摘　　要：“渔盐一体化”是山东省滨州市凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)盐田养殖的重要模式。为了解该模式下养殖水体浮游植物的叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度、粒径结构的变化特征及主要影响因子,于2021年5—7月分别在养殖的初期、中期和收获期,测定高盐组(S=54)和对照组(S=32)养殖水体的分级Chl-a浓度[小型浮游植物(micro Chl-a)、微型浮游植物(nano Chl-a)、微微型浮游植物(pico Chl-a)、总Chl-a浓度]及相关环境参数的日变化和月变化。结果显示,日变化:对于总Chl-a浓度,高盐组无显著日变化(P>0.05),对照组在5月和6月存在显著的日差异(P<0.05)。对于浮游植物粒径结构,高盐组7月的pico Chl-a日变化显著(P<0.05);对照组7月的micro Chl-a和6月的nano Chl-a日变化显著(P<0.05)。月变化:两盐度组pico Chl-a、nano Chl-a和total Chl-a最低值和最高值都分别出现在6月和7月。且7月的总Chl-a显著高于5月和6月(P<0.05)。高盐组水体中nanoChl-a占主要优势,随着养殖的进行粒径结构特性出现了演替,其中,picoChl-a对总Chl-a贡献率由5月的6.43%提高至7月的16.81%,超过了micro Chl-a的贡献率。对照组5月和6月以micro Chl-a占主要优势,分别占59.64%和57.49%,其次是nano Chl-a,分别占35.46%和36.90%,7月以nano Chl-a占主要优势,贡献率达53.09%。冗余分析(RDA)显示,Chl-a浓度与水温显著正相关,nanoChl-a的贡献率随温度升高而增加。高盐组总Chl-a浓度与硅酸盐浓度呈显著正相关,与磷酸盐、溶解有机氮、溶解有机磷浓度呈显著负相关;对照组总Chl-a与溶解有机氮显著正相关,与硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐浓度呈显著负相关。总体来讲,高盐组水体Chl-a浓度日变化较小,浮游植物粒级随养殖进行逐渐趋于小型化,可能与温度升高和较高的有机氮水平有关。Aquaculture in large water bodies has become an important culture mode of Litopenaeus vannamei in coastal waters.Fractionated chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)and environmental factors of the large water ponds with high salinity(54,n=3)and the control ponds(32,n=3)were investigated from May to July 2020 to explore the variations in Chl-a,phytoplankton particle size,and the response to environmental factors during the aquaculture season.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the environmental factors and the size-fractionated Chl-a concentration.Partial redundancy analysis(RDA)was applied to assess the effects of environmental factors(including silicate,active phosphate,ammonia salt,nitrite,nitrate,water temperature,salinity,dissolved organic nitrogen,and dissolved organophosphorus)on total Chl-a,Chl-a of micro phytoplankton(micro Chl-a),Chl-a of nano phytoplankton(nano Chl-a),and Chl-a of pico phytoplankton(pico Chl-a).The following results were obtained:1)Diurnal variation of Chl-a:Total Chl-a of the high-salinity group showed no significant diurnal variation(P>0.05).Total Chl-a of the control group showed significant diurnal change in May and June(P<0.05).The highest value of total Chl-a in May occurred at 15:00,while the highest value of that in June was at 08:00.For size-fractionated Chl-a,pico Chl-a in the high-salinity group showed significant diurnal variation in July(P<0.05),with the highest value appearing at 12:00.Micro Chl-a in the control group showed significant diurnal changes in May,June,and July(P<0.05),and nano Chl-a in the control group showed significant diurnal changes in June(P<0.05).2)Monthly changes of Chl-a:The lowest and highest values of total Chl-a occurred in June and July,respectively.Total Chl-a in July was significantly higher than that in May and June(P<0.05).For size-fractionated Chl-a,the pico Chl-a and nano Chl-a of the high-salinity group in July were significantly higher than those in May and June(P<0.05)and showed no significant difference between M

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 叶绿素A 粒级结构 营养盐 海水养殖池塘 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]