凡纳滨对虾在低氧环境下存活性状的遗传参数评估  

Evaluation of Genetic Parameters for Survival Traits of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Hypoxic Conditions

作　　者：段毓佳 谭建 栾生[2,3] 罗坤 王宏杰[4] 隋娟 孟宪红 孔杰[2,3] DUAN Yujia;TAN Jian;LUAN Sheng;LUO Kun;WANG Hongjie;SUI Juan;MENG Xianhong;KONG Jie(Huzhou Normal University,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,Huzhou 313000,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries and Sustainable Development,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao 266071,China;BLUP Aquabreed Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室、中国水产科学研究院水生动物繁育与营养重点实验室,浙江湖州313000 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业与可持续发展重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]邦普种业科技有限公司,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第1期138-147,共10页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：湛江市海洋装备与海洋生物揭榜挂帅制人才团队项目(2021E05032);蓝色粮仓“虾蟹类新种质创制技术平台”课题(2018YFD0901301);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-48);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY001);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD26)共同资助。

摘　　要：在水产养殖中,尤其是高密度养殖情况下,缺氧会短期内造成个体的大量死亡,从而影响生产效益。本研究以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高抗和快大2个品系作为研究对象,利用高致死溶解氧(DO)胁迫的方式,对2个品系各41个家系共计6560尾幼虾进行低氧耐受性测试,统计高致死溶解氧水平下幼虾的存活性状,分析不同品系间及同一品系不同家系间耐低氧性状的差异,评估其遗传参数;对耐受性有显著差异的家系个体的鳃、肌肉、肝胰腺组织进行组织学观察,并比较其细胞水平上的差异。结果显示,在0.3mg/L低氧条件下,高抗品系和快大品系的家系半致死存活率SS50均表现出显著差异(P<0.05),高抗品系SS50为49.30%,快大品系SS50为42.52%;家系间存活时间的变异系数分别为60%和45%。利用阈值性状动物模型,以半致死时的个体存活状态作为观测值(存活为1,死亡为0)估算的遗传参数为(0.345±0.031)~(0.378±0.029),经过转换后在连续变化的观测值尺度上的遗传力为(0.219±0.031)~(0.237±0.029),表现为中等遗传力水平。高抗品系中低氧耐受家系和低氧敏感家系的鳃、肌肉和肝胰腺组织均出现不同程度的损伤,但不同的家系间表现出不同程度的抗逆生理特征差异,这可能与高抗不同家系抗逆耐受力强弱有关。不同家系间在低氧胁迫下的存活时间、生理特性差异以及各品系遗传力估算结果表明,凡纳滨对虾对高致死溶解氧水平的耐受性状存在丰富的遗传变异,具有选育的可行性。Litopenaeus vannamei,also known as the Pacific white shrimp or white foot shrimp,is a member of the Crustacea,Decapoda,Palaemonidae,and Litopenaeus families.This species is mainly distributed on the Mexican and Pacific coasts of South America.Owing to its excellent immune characteristics,L.vannamei is currently one of the most important economic shrimp species in China.In the aquaculture process and under natural environmental conditions,low dissolved oxygen(DO)condition or even hypoxia frequently occurs.Under high-density culture operations,acute hypoxia is one of the major factors affecting the survival rate of shrimp and the quality of aquaculture water,causing not only a large number of shrimp deaths in the short term but also water decay and fermentation,increased turbidity,and other phenomena.The genetic improvement of L.vannamei,as well as the screening and breeding of exceptionally tolerant species under low DO conditions,are crucial to the sustainable development of the shrimp industry.Global selective breeding efforts based on quantitative genetics to improve genetic progress in L.vannamei have been extensive,and the main targeted traits were growth,survival,disease resistance,and stress tolerance.Few studies have been conducted on the evaluation of genetic parameters and screening of strains for hypoxic tolerance traits in L.vannamei;in particular,the genetic parameters and cytological characteristics of key tissues of L.vannamei under short-term highly lethal DO levels(0.3-0.5 mg/L)have not been reported.In this study,we used two strains of L.vannamei,GK(a strain with high disease resistance)and K(a strain with fast growth characteristics),each with a total of 6560 shrimp from 41 families,to count survival traits at highly lethal DO levels,analyze differences in hypoxia tolerance traits between strains and within families of the same strain,and evaluate genetic parameters.Individual gill,muscle,and hepatopancreas tissues from families with significantly different tolerance levels were histologically i

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 低溶解氧 遗传力 组织损伤 选育 

分 类 号：S964[农业科学—水产养殖]