橘色海菊蛤人工繁育技术研究  

Artificial Breeding of Spondylus aurantius

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作  者:孙云超 羊玉梅 刘春胜[1,2,3] 杨毅 王爱民[1,2] 顾志峰[1,3] SUN Yunchao;YANG Yumei;LIU Chunsheng;YANG Yi;WANG Aimin;GU Zhifeng(Ocean College,Hainan University,Haikou 507228,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,Hainan University,Haikou 507228,China;Sanya Nanfan Research Institute,Hainan University,Sanya 572019,China)

机构地区:[1]海南大学海洋学院,海南海口507228 [2]海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海南海口507228 [3]海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚572019

出  处:《渔业科学进展》2024年第1期194-201,共8页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基  金:国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401305);海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2023XDNY032)共同资助。

摘  要:本研究以野生橘色海菊蛤(Spondylus aurantius)为材料,观察了橘色海菊蛤的亲体催熟、胚胎及稚贝的发育过程,比较了不同温度条件下胚胎发育速度及不同材质和采苗深度对海菊蛤附着效果的影响。结果显示,野生橘色海菊蛤在养殖池经自然催熟后性腺饱满,发育成熟;采用“晾干+流水+高温”刺激获得了橘色海菊蛤优质精卵,并成功完成了受精;受精卵通过不均等卵裂,依次发育为多细胞卵裂期、囊胚、担轮幼虫、D形幼虫、壳顶幼虫、匍匐幼虫和稚贝,累计耗时25~27 d。受精卵在温度为28℃和32℃时均可发育至稚贝,且在水温为32℃时,胚胎各个阶段发育速度均快于28℃。室内不同水层采苗结果显示,底层采苗器附着密度要显著高于上层(P<0.05);不同附着基材质附着密度结果显示,室内采苗阶段黑蝶贝壳附着效果最好,而后依次为海菊蛤壳>牡蛎壳>混凝土饼>黑色遮阳网>绿色聚乙烯网片。在自然海区养殖30d后,海菊蛤壳和牡蛎壳附着及生长效果最优。本研究首次成功开展了橘色海菊蛤人工繁育,获得了其胚胎和稚贝发育规律,研究结果可为该物种在南海人工规模化养殖提供支撑。Spondylus aurantius,a member of the Mollusca phylum,Bivalvia class,Pterioida order,and Spondylidae family,is an important economic marine bivalve species that is widely distributed along the warm-water coastal region in Guangdong and Hainan Province in China,and the Philippines.As an important marine commercial bivalve,wild S.aurantius individuals are often captured by local fishermen for their large adductor muscle,which makes delicious seafood,and for their beautiful shells,which are used for displays.According to the China Fishery Statistical Yearbook for 2022,the annual production of cultured mollusks exceeded 15 million tons,with oysters,scallops,and clams accounting for 78.23%of the total aquaculture yield.In southeast coastal provinces,such as Guangdong,Guangxi,and Hainan,the most common cultured mollusks include Hong Kong oysters(Crassostrea hongkongensis),Suminoe oysters(Crassostrea ariakensis),pearl oysters(Pinctada fucata martensii),and noble scallops(Chlamys nobilis).Generally,Hong Kong and Suminoe oysters cannot tolerate high salinity conditions and are often cultured near estuaries;the P.f.martensii industry is rapidly declining because of high mortality rates and nucleus rejection after transplantation in the process of pearl production;and noble scallop rearing,which is primarily practiced in net cages,and a considerable amount of labor is required to clean attachments.Therefore,there is an urgent need to investigate the cultivation of new bivalve species that can adapt to coastal areas with high temperatures and high salinity.Though S.aurantius is traditionally regarded as an edible mollusk,few studies have reported the artificial breeding of this species.In this study,wild adult S.aurantius with shell length of(12.00±1.25)cm and wet body weight of(100.00±5.04)g were selected as the research subjects to artificially ripen mature individuals,observe and compare the development of the embryo and juveniles at different temperatures(28℃and 32℃),and study the effects of different substrates and

关 键 词:橘色海菊蛤 人工繁育 胚胎发育 稚贝 附着基 

分 类 号:Q954[生物学—动物学]

 

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