氦低温透平膨胀机热力性能数值模拟与实验测试  

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Test of Thermal Performance of a Cryogenic Helium Turbine Expander

作　　者：张泽[1,2] 周楷淼[1] 邓坤瑜 陈兴亚 陈双涛 侯予[1,2] ZHANG Ze;ZHOU Kaimiao;DENG Kunyu;CHEN Xingya;CHEN Shuangtao;HOU Yu(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Technology and Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin,Jilin 132012,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学深低温技术与装备教育部重点实验室,西安710049 [3]东北电力大学能源与动力工程学院,吉林吉林132012

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2024年第2期109-115,共7页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52206023);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2021M692533)。

摘　　要：为了深入研究氦透平膨胀机在降温过程及低温条件下的热力学特性,依托ADS 500 W/4.5 K低温制冷机建设了80 K温区的实验系统,进行了氦透平膨胀机的低温变工况测试。测试的氦透平膨胀机主轴轴径为12.00 mm,采用动压氦气体轴承支承,最高转速可以达到252130 r·min^(-1)。在膨胀比为1.88时,膨胀机最大出口温降达到8.1 K;在膨胀比为2.07时,等熵效率达到最高值71.2%。以实验用氦透平膨胀机尺寸及测试工况为基础,建立了透平的数值模型。采用商业软件ANSYS CFX对透平的热力性能及降温特性进行了数值模拟,得到了相应的理论温降曲线。研究结果表明:所建数值模型能够较好地预测该氦透平膨胀机的温降过程,膨胀机出口温度的实验值和计算值结果最大相对偏差为0.45%;所测试的低温氦透平具有优良的热力性能和降温特性,测试的动压氦气体轴承表现出良好的支承稳定性,数值计算和实验结果可为后续相关研究和大科学装置的应用提供参考。In order to conduct an in-depth study on the thermodynamic characteristics of the helium turbine expander during the cooling process and under low temperature conditions,an experimental system in the 80 K temperature range based on the ADS 500 W/4.5 K cryogenic refrigerator is constructed to conduct the low-temperature variable condition testing of helium turbine expander.The main shaft diameter of the tested helium turbine expander is 12.00 mm.The expander is supported by compliant foil bearings,and can reach a maximum rotational speed of 252130 r·min^(-1).The maximum outlet temperature drop of the expander is 8.1 K when the expansion ratio is 1.88.When the expansion ratio is 2.07,the maximum isentropic efficiency reaches 71.2%.The numerical model of the tested helium turbine expander is established based on its dimensions and test conditions.The thermal performance and cooling characteristics of the turbine are simulated by using commercial software ANSYS CFX,and the corresponding theoretical temperature drop curve is obtained.The results show that the numerical model can predict the temperature drop process of the expander well,and the maximum relative deviation between the experimental value and the numerical calculation result is 0.45%.The tested helium turbine has good thermal performance and cooling characteristics,and the tested dynamic pressure helium gas bearing shows good stability.The numerical calculation and experimental results can provide reference for followed relevant researches and the application of large devices for scientific studies.

关 键 词：氦制冷机 透平膨胀机 低温特性 气体轴承 

分 类 号：TB653[一般工业技术—制冷工程]