海洋污染犯罪行为的教义学展开--兼论污染环境罪的激活  

The Doctrinal Unfoldment of Marine Pollution Wrongdoing:On the activation of environmental pollution crime

作　　者：郝一洋 HAO Yiyang(Criminal Justice College,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《海洋开发与管理》2023年第12期108-116,共9页Ocean Development and Management

摘　　要：我国司法实践对污染环境罪的适用不够灵活,有必要从刑法解释学的角度进行研究。相较于立法论,解释论是更合适的路径选择。对污染海洋行为进行教义学分析有利于激活污染环境罪,应当采取生态学的人类中心法益论来界定污染环境罪的保护法益。以污染海洋行为为例,以保护法益为指导,“三步走”将污染环境罪保护的“海洋”的范围限定为,污染后直接或间接影响人类生活的海域。从功能主义的视角看,污染海洋的行为可以分为故意处置型、操作违规型和意外事故型3类,每个类型的犯罪行为适用不同的处理模式。污染环境罪与投放危险物质罪,以危险方法危害公共安全罪及其对应的过失犯罪,非法制造、运输、储存危险物质罪以及重大责任事故罪,存在交叉和竞合的关系,应当根据相关司法解释等规定,在不违反重复评价原则的情况下,充分评价。在船舶碰撞导致的污染海洋案件中,应当区分碰撞事故的责任和污染事故的责任,全面评价各主体的刑事责任。The application of environmental pollution crime in judicial practice in China is not flexible enough,so it is necessary to study it from the angle of criminal law hermeneutics.Compared with the theory of legislation,the theory of interpretation is a more appropriate path.Doctrinal analysis of marine pollution wrongdoing is conducive to activating the crime of environmental pollution.We should adopt the theory of ecological human-centered legal interests to define the protection interests of environmental pollution crime.Taking the act of polluting the sea as an example,guided by the interests of the law of protection,the“three-step approach”limits the scope of the“ocean”protected by the crime of polluting the environment to the sea area directly or indirectly affecting human life after pollution.From the perspective of functionalism,marine pollution can be divided into three types:intentional disposal,operational violation and accident,and each type of criminal behavior applies different treatment modes.The crime of polluting the environment and the crime of releasing dangerous substances,the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods and the corresponding crime of negligence,the crime of illegal manufacturing,transportation and storage of dangerous substances and the crime of major liability accidents,there is a cross and competition relationship,should be fully evaluated according to the relevant judicial interpretation and other provisions,without violating the principle of repeated evaluation.In the case of marine pollution caused by ship collision,the liability of collision accident and pollution accident should be distinguished,and the criminal liability of each subject should be evaluated comprehensively.

关 键 词：海洋污染 污染环境罪 刑法解释论 生态学的人类中心法益论 

分 类 号：D924.36[政治法律—刑法学] X55[政治法律—法学]