高参数圆形平盖中心开孔计算方法及密封刚度失效准则  

Calculation method of high-parameter round flat head with central single opening and sealing stiffness failure criteria

作　　者：朱国栋 ZHU Guodong(China National General Machinery Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国通用机械工程有限公司,北京100050

出　　处：《压力容器》2023年第12期59-70,79,共13页Pressure Vessel Technology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3004503)。

摘　　要：基于当前压力容器平盖(或法兰盖)的开孔补强方法基本原理和存在的问题,指出我国标准中仅考虑了开孔率ρ≤0.5范围内整体强度校核,欠缺开孔处局部应力计算、安定性失效评价及螺栓垫片连接结构的周边刚度计算、密封失效评价。基于弹性板壳理论,创建了两类常见圆形平盖中心单个开孔结构的力学模型和精确解析解,并给出工程计算公式和设计失效准则。通过算例进行数值模拟验证,并分析应力变化规律。新方法实现预紧工况、操作工况和水压试验工况下的强度失效和密封刚度失效评价,适用于ρ≤0.9范围,更适用于当今“双碳”背景下高参数化设备安全、节能和泄漏率控制等基于失效模式的精准设计,并为标准修订和结构完整性评价提供借鉴。The basic principle and problems of the current reinforcement calculation method of the flat head(or flange cover)with opening at pressure vessels were introduced.It was pointed out that Chinese standards only considered the overall strength with limitation of opening ratioρ≤0.5,but lack consideration to calculation of local stress at opening edge,shakedown failure evaluation,calculation of stiffness around the connecting structure of bolts and gaskets,and sealing failure evaluation.Based on the elastic theory of plates and shells,mechanical model and accurate analytical solution were proposed for single central opening reinforcement of two common types of round flat head,and engineering calculation formula and design failure criteria were given.Meanwhile,numerical simulations were conducted to validate the proposed method through examples,and the stress distribution law was analyzed.The new method realized the evaluation of strength failure and sealing stiffness failure under the conditions of pretightening,operation and hydrostatic test,with new limitρ≤0.9,the method is more suitable for the precise design based on failure modes such as safety,energy conservation and leakage rate control of high parameter equipment under the present background of“dual carbon policy”,and provides a reference for standard revisions and structural integrity evaluation.

关 键 词：压力容器设计 结构完整性评价 平盖 法兰盖 开孔补强 密封失效 

分 类 号：TH49[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH123