新南非的政治转型与南非共产党的应对策略  

The Political Transformation of New South Africa and the Response of South African Communist Party

作　　者：张凯[1] 涂志明 Zhang Kai;Tu Zhiming

机构地区：[1]中共中央对外联络部《当代世界》杂志社编辑部,北京100860 [2]常州大学马克思主义学院,常州213164

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2023年第4期89-100,164,共13页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

摘　　要：自1994年民主转型以来,南非政党政治逐步形成非洲人国民大会长期占据主导地位、其他政党无法对其构成挑战的格局。然而,进入21世纪第二个十年以来,南非执政党非国大的主导地位呈现明显衰退走势,南非政党政治迎来深刻转型,这对南非共产党探索社会主义建设的传统战略造成冲击。面对南非政党政治新变化,南非共产党愈发强调“重建运动”的重要性,提出建设属于工人和穷人的社会主义运动口号,寻求通过构建更为广泛的社会运动、以“自下而上”的方式建设社会主义。三方联盟内部“左翼轴心”影响的不确定性、左翼阵营内部的力量分化和极左翼政党的崛起,以及工人阶级组织力量的弱化和碎片化会对南非共产党“自下而上”建设社会主义的新探索形成制约。Since the democratic transition in 1994,party politics in South African has gradually formed a pattern in which the African National Congress(ANC) has been dominant for a long time,and other political parties have been unable to challenge it.However,since the second decade of the 21st century,the dominant position of South Africa's ruling party,the ANC,has shown a clear declining trend,and South Africa's party politics is undergoing a profound transformation,which has impacted the South African Communist Party(SACP)'s traditional strategy of exploring the socialist construction.Faced with the new changes in South Africa's party politics,the SACP has increasingly emphasized the importance of the “rebuilding movement”,put forward the slogan of building a socialist movement of the workers and poor,and sought to build socialism with a “bottom-up” approach and the building of a broader social movement.The uncertainty of the influence of the “left axis” within the tripartite alliance,the power differentiation within the left-wing camp,and the rise of far-left parties,as well as the weakening and fragmentation of the working class' s organizational strength will have a negative impact on the SACP's new exploration of socialism construction with the “bottom-up” approach.

关 键 词：南非共产党 社会主义运动 非国大 南非政治 三方联盟 

分 类 号：D347.8[政治法律—政治学]