大电流真空电弧开断过程瞬态特性仿真分析  

Simulation analysis on transient characteristics of high-current vacuum arc in process of interruption

作　　者：董华军[1] 程靖洲 赵一鉴 库照宇 李东恒 DONG Huajun;CHENG Jingzhou;ZHAO Yijian;KU Zhaoyu;LI Dongheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2024年第1期189-196,共8页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51207016,51477023);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2019MS036)。

摘　　要：针对开断过程中传统稳态模型无法表征真空电弧动态特性问题,以工频电流下开断峰值为10 kA大电流真空电弧为研究对象,搭建等离子体弧柱区二维物理模型,在已有双温磁流体动力学稳态模型中引入密度、温度、压力及速度等流场参数时变项,同时利用动网格技术控制弧柱区变化速率,模拟触头分闸过程,综合考虑电流及开距变化情况下等离子体各物理场参数变化,以获取开断时电弧微观流场瞬态特性,探究开断过程中电弧形态及能量变化。分析结果可知:离子压力、温度、电子温度和阳极表面能流密度均随动、静触头分离而减小;离子速度无明显变化;等离子体不断向外扩散,由于电流减小,金属蒸汽源也逐渐减少,极间等离子体密度降低,阳极尚未达到活跃程度,最终电弧熄灭。For the traditional steady state model cannot characterize the dynamic characteristics of the vacuum arc in the process of interruption,the high current vacuum arc with breaking peak of 10 kA under power frequency current was taken as the research object,a two-dimensional physical model of the arc column region of the vacuum arc plasma was built.The time-varying terms of flow field parameters such as density,temperature,pressure and velocity were introduced into the existing two-temperature magnetohydrodynamic steady-state model.And the dynamic grid technology was used to simulate the opening process of contact.Considering the changes of physical field parameters under the change of current and opening distance,the transient characteristics of arc micro flow field was obtained in the process of interruption,and the mode and energy change of arc was explored in the process of interruption.The analysis results show that the ion pressure,temperature,electron temperature and anode surface energy flux density all decrease with the separation of the moving and static contacts;the ion velocity does not change significantly;the plasma continues to diffuse outward,and the metal vapor source also gradually decreases,the plasma density between the electrodes decreases,the anode has not yet reached the active level,and finally the arc is extinguished.

关 键 词：真空电弧 等离子体 开断过程 双温模型 动态特性 仿真分析 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]