深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响  

Effect of subsoiling depth on canopy photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton

作　　者：马君[1] 王静 李春艳 王亮 师维军[1] 崔建平[1] 田立文[1] 郭仁松[1] MA Jun;WANG Jing;LI Chunyan;WANG Liang;SHI Weijun;CUI Jianping;TIAN Liwen;GUO Rensong(Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage of Desert Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Agricultural Radio and Television School,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业广播电视学校,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区农业技术推广总站,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第12期2878-2884,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860358);农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-201804);新疆农业科学院青年骨干创新能力培养基金项目(xjnkq-2019012);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2020D01B36);国家棉花产业技术体系喀什综合试验站(CARS-15-50)。

摘　　要：【目的】在新疆自然生态条件下,研究深松深度对棉花冠层光合特征及产量的影响,为进一步分析深松对棉花产量的调节作用提供理论依据。【方法】以新陆中88号为材料,在常年翻耕棉田设置不深松(CK)、深松30 cm(S 1)、深松40 cm(S 2)、深松50 cm(S 3)4个处理,研究不同深松深度对棉花关键生育期冠层结构、光合特征及干物质积累和产量的影响。【结果】棉花叶面积指数生育期呈单峰曲线,盛花期叶面积指数达到峰值,深松处理较CK增加0.92%~12.94%。叶倾角和冠层开度变化趋势与叶面积指数相反,盛花期为最小值,深松较CK叶倾角增加1.86%~5.29%,冠层开度降低32.7%~59.1%。初花期净光合速率随深松深度增加呈增大趋势,而蒸腾速率和气孔导度则以S 2最高,盛花期和盛铃期净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别以S 2、S 3最高,但S 2和S 3差异不显著(P>0.05)。深松处理干物质快速积累起始期较CK提前1~3 d,持续期延长2~4 d,最大积累速率提高2.18%~18.01%,单铃重增加3.58%~9.12%,籽棉产量增加11.02%~21.93%,其中以深松40 cm最高。【结论】深松40 cm(S 2)结合常规翻耕措施,可有效改善棉花冠层结构,促进叶片光合作用,提高干物质积累强度,提升籽棉产量。【Objective】Under the natural ecological conditions in Xinjiang,the effects of subsoiling depth on photosynthetic characteristics of the cotton canopy and yield were investigated to provide the theoretical basis for further clarifying the regulation effect of subsoiling on cotton yield.【Methods】The Xinluzhong No.88 variety was used as the experimental material and four treatments,no subsoiling(CK),subsoiling 30 cm(S 1),subsoiling 40 cm(S 2),and subsoiling 50 cm(S 3),were set up in the perennial tillage cotton field to examine the effects of different subsoiling depths on canopy structure,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton at key growth stages.【Results】The leaf area index and growth period of cotton showed a single peak curve,and the leaf area index reached the peak at the full flowering stage,where the leaf area index of subsoiling treatment increased by 0.92%-12.94%compared with CK.However,the trends of leaf inclination and the degree of canopy opening were opposite to that of the leaf area index,and the minimum value was found at the flowering stage.Compared with CK,the leaf inclination of subsoiling increased by 1.86%-5.29%,and the degree of canopy opening decreases by 32.7%-59.1%.The net photosynthetic rate at the early flowering stage increased with the depth of subsoiling,while the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest in S 2.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance at full flowering and full boll stage were the highest in S 2 and S 3,respectively,while there was no significant difference between S 2 and S 3(P>0.05).Compared with CK,the initial stage of rapid accumulation of dry matter in subsoiling treatment was 1-3 days earlier than that in CK,and the duration was extended to 2-4 days.The maximum accumulation rate increased by 2.18%-18.01%,the boll weight increased by 3.58%-9.12%,and the seed cotton yield increased by 11.02%-21.93%,among which subsoiling 40 cm is the highest.【Conclusion】The combina

关 键 词：棉花 深松 冠层结构 光合特征 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]