三种植物提取物对棉花种子发芽及幼苗生长影响  

Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth

作　　者：周小云[1,2] 张军高 周佳玉 李进 秦冰霜[2] 梁晶 龚静云 雷斌 ZHOU Xiaoyun;ZHANG Jungao;ZHOU Jiayu;LI Jin;QIN Bingshuang;LIANG Jing;GONG Jingyun;LEI Bin(Institute of nuclear technology and Biotechnology of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of desert oasis crop physiology,ecology and farming of the Ministry of agriculture,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center/Improvement and utilization of saline alkali soil of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas(saline alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas)Key Laboratory,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang oasis Xingyuan Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆绿洲兴源农业科技有限责任公司,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第12期2902-2910,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02001-2);新疆维吾尔自治区财政厅专项(65000022P007862101422);乡村振兴项目“塔额盆地优质绿色小麦安全生产关键技术示范应用”(2020NC018);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2022D01D44);“一带一路”农药研发基地建设项目(65000024P008758100965);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2019018);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A02003-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同植物甲醇提取物对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,分析最佳的植物提取物种类及浓度,为新型植物生长调节剂的研制提供试验依据和理论基础。【方法】选用棉花品种新陆早57号为材料,以蒸馏水处理为对照,将苦豆子、曼陀罗、孜然3种植物甲醇提取物浸膏分别制备成5种不同浓度(100、10、1、0.1、0.01 mg/mL)的溶液浸种后,采用砂培法开展萌发试验,分析发芽势、发芽率、株高、茎粗、叶片光合等指标,并采用主成分分析方法比较植物提取物对棉花生长的生物学效应。【结果】与对照相比,1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理的棉种发芽率、发芽指数分别增加8.89%、7.10%,幼苗的茎粗、须根数、鲜重、干重以及干物质转运率分别提高24.61%、20.00%、66.09%、50.00%以及4.90%;0.1 mg/mL孜然甲醇提取物处理的棉花种子发芽率、茎粗、须根数、净光合速率分别增加8.00%、7.33%、10.00%、12.90%。1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理综合评价分排在第1位,0.1 mg/mL孜然提取物处理的综合评价分次之。【结论】植物提取物对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长具有不同调控作用,整体呈现出高浓度抑制、低浓度促进的现象。其中,1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理最优,0.1 mg/mL孜然提取物处理次之。【Objective】To study the allelopathic effects of different plant methanol extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth,clarify the type of plant extracts with the best allelopathic effect and determine the appropriate concentration,so as to provide experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the development of new plant growth regulators.【Methods】Taking the popularized cotton seed Xinluzao 57 as the experimental material and the distilled water treatment as the control,the methanol extracts of Sophra alopecuroides,Euphorbia pekinensis,Cuminum cyminum were prepared into five solutions with different concentrations(100,10,1,0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL),respectively.After soaking of the seeds,the sand culture method was used to carry out the germination test to investigate the germination potential,germination rate,plant height,stem diameter,leaf photosynthesis and other indicators,and the principal component analysis method was applied to compare the biological effects of plant extracts on cotton growth.【Results】Compared with CK,the germination rate and germination index of cotton seeds treated with 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract increased by 8.89%and 7.10%respectively,and the stem diameter,fibrous root number,fresh weight,dry weight and dry matter transport rate of seedlings increased by 24.61%,20.00%,66.09%,50.00%and 4.90%,respectively;The germination rate,stem diameter,number of fibrous roots and net photosynthetic rate of cotton seeds treated with 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum methanol extract increased by 8.00%,7.33%,10.00%and 12.90%,respectively.Further principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation of 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment ranked first,followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract treatment.【Conclusion】Different concentrations of plant extracts have different regulatory effects on cotton seed germination and seedling growth.Among them,1 mg/mL l Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment is the best,followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extrac

关 键 词：棉花 植物提取物 萌发 生长发育 

分 类 号：S62[农业科学—园艺学]