塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较  

Comparison of microenvironment and economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns in northwest margin of tarim basin

作　　者：曹琦 毛廷勇 汪志强 万素梅[2] 陈国栋[2] CAO Qi;MAO Tingyong;WANG Zhiqiang;WAN Sumei;CHEN Guodong(Aksu Vocational and Technical College,Wensu Xinjiang 843000,China;College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]阿克苏职业技术学院,新疆温宿843000 [2]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第12期2921-2931,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060449,31060181)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较新疆塔里木盆地西北缘单作棉田与2种枣棉间作棉田对生态的改善程度及单位土地面积内的经济效益。【方法】以棉花品种新陆中36号为材料,设置单作棉田(CK)、1膜2行枣棉间作棉田(C_(1))及1膜4行枣棉间作棉田(C_(2))。研究不同间作模式对棉田的微环境指标、棉花不同生育期生长、产量以及经济效益的影响。【结果】不同间作模式棉田光强变化为CK>C_(1)>C_(2);C_(1)、C_(2)的3个冠位CO_(2)总浓度均高于单作棉田;单作棉田的光强、风速、空气及土壤温度均高于2个间作棉田,而空气、土壤湿度均低于2个间作棉田。C_(2)模式棉田的空气、土壤温度、风速明显低于C_(1),空气及土壤湿度则相反。蕾期-花铃期的棉花各生长指标表现为间作棉田>单作棉田。CK模式棉花产量最高,达到398.00 kg/667m^(2)。净收入表现为C_(1)>C_(2)>CK>CK 0,C_(1)模式棉田净收入为2517.28元/(667m^(2)·a),但收益率(37.96%),排名第2。【结论】最佳枣棉种植模式为1膜2行模式。【Objective】To compare the improvement degrees of ecology and economic benefits per unit land area between single cropping cotton field and two kinds of jujube cotton intercropping cotton field in northwest margin of Tarim Basin.【Methods】Singleton cotton field(CK),cotton field with one membrane and two rows intercropping(C_(1)),and cotton field with one membrane and four rows intercropping(C_(2))were used as testing materials to explore the effects of different planting patterns on microenvironmental indicators,cotton growth,yield and economic benefits in different growth periods.【Results】The light intensity of cotton field with different planting patterns changed as CK>C_(1)>C_(2).The total CO_(2)concentration of the three crown sites of C_(1)and C_(2)was higher than that of cotton monoculture.The light intensity,wind speed,air and soil temperature of single cropping cotton field were higher than those of two intercropping cotton fields,while the air and soil moisture were lower than those of two intercropping cotton fields.Air and soil temperature and wind speed in C_(2)model cotton field were significantly lower than that in C_(1)model,while air and soil moisture were the opposite.The growth indexes of cotton from bud stage to flower boll stage were as follows:intercropping cotton field>monoculture cotton field.CK mode cotton field yield was the highest,reaching 398.00 kg/667m^(2).The net income was C_(1)>C_(2)>CK>CK 0.The net income of cotton field in C_(1)mode was 2,517.28 yuan/(667m^(2)·a),but the yield rate(37.96%)ranked the second.【Conclusion】It can be concluded that the best planting mode is the jujube cotton intercropping mode with one film and two rows.

关 键 词：枣棉间作 种植模式 微环境 生长 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]