新疆自育春小麦品种抗旱性及农艺性状相关性评价  

Evaluation of correlation between drought resistance and agronomic traits of self-breeding spring wheat varieties in Xinjiang

作　　者：贾永红[1] 魏海鹏[1] 侯殿亮[3] 曾潮武[2] 纳斯如拉·克热木[1] 梁晓东[2] JIA Yonghong;WEI Haipeng;HOU Dianliang;ZENG Chaowu;Nasirula Keremu;LIANG Xiaodong(Qitai Triticeae Crops Experiment Station,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qitai Xinjiang 830012,China;Research Institute of Food Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830052,China;Changji Prefecture Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Changji Xinjiang,831100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台831800 [2]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]昌吉州农业技术推广中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第12期2940-2948,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项“新疆主要作物生物育种创新工程”子课题“小麦生物育种创新工程”(2021A02001-1);昌吉州科技特派员项目(重点)“强筋小麦品种、制种及栽培技术集成示范推广”(KT2022006);新疆农业科学院青年科技基金项目“新疆自育春小麦品种的抗旱性及与主要农艺性状的相关性评价”(xjnkq-2017021)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同春小麦品种的抗旱性水平。【方法】以43个新疆自育春小麦品种为供试材料,设正常灌溉和干旱胁迫2个处理,测定籽粒物理性状、农艺性状及产量等,并对不同春小麦品种的抗旱性进行综合评价。【结果】(1)43个春小麦品种粒型为卵型或长卵形、全角质和口松为主;(2)在山旱地水分满足率35%的条件下,鉴定筛选出8个春小麦品种作为新疆春小麦育种的首选材料,其中,新春21号和新旱688的抗旱性分别达到较强和强水平,属于抗旱材料;新春16号和新春19号在抗旱性较高的材料中产量最高,属于高产材料;新春33号、新春44号、新春38号和新春26号属于丰产性和抗旱性兼顾的品种。【结论】43个春小麦品种中高产品种7个占16.3%,抗旱材料2个占4.6%。新疆春小麦普遍高产但抗旱性一般,新品种选育应与外来高抗资源的引进工作同时结合并进行。【Objective】To clarify the drought resistance levels of different spring wheat varieties.【Methods】43 spring wheat varieties bred in Xinjiang were used as experimental materials and with two treatments of normal irrigation and drought stress,grain physical characteristics,agronomic traits and yield were determined,and then the drought resistance of different spring wheat varieties was comprehensively evaluated.【Results】(1)43 spring wheat varieties were egg or long ovate,complete cutin and loose mouth shapes.(2)Under the condition of water content 35%in mountain drought field,eight spring wheat varieties were selected as the preferred material for spring wheat breeding in Xinjiang.Among them,the drought resistance of Xinchun 21 and Xinxin 688 reached strong and strong levels respectively,which belonged to the drought resistance materials;Xinchun 16 and Xinchun 19 had the highest yield in the materials with high drought resistance,belonging to the high-yield materials;Spring 33,44,38 and 26 belonged to the varieties with both high yield and drought resistance.【Conclusion】Of the 43 medium and high yield varieties,7 accounted for 16.3%,and 2 drought-resistant materials accounted for 4.6%.Spring wheat in Xinjiang generally has high yield but general drought resistance.The breeding of new varieties should be combined with the introduction of foreign high resistance resources.

关 键 词：春小麦 抗旱性 农艺性状 相关性 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]