基于MaxEnt模型的北极村国家级自然保护区紫貂栖息地适宜性评价  

Habitat suitability evaluation of sable(Martes zibellina)based on MaxEnt model in Beijicun National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,China

作　　者：刘艳华[1] 刘磊[1] 陈红 刘小慧 王启蕃 刘鑫鑫 张子栋 张宇 周绍春 LIU Yanhua;LIU Lei;CHEN Hong;LIU Xiaohui;WANG Qifan;LIU Xinxin;ZHANG Zidong;ZHANG Yu;ZHOU Shaochun(College of Wildlife and Nature Reserves,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Wildlife Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081,China;Shenyang Huishan School,Shenyang 110164,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]牡丹江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,牡丹江157011 [3]黑龙江省野生动物研究所,哈尔滨150081 [4]沈阳市辉山学校,沈阳110164

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第2期559-569,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：大兴安岭东北虎潜在栖息地及迁移生态廊道研究项目(CZKYF2020-02)。

摘　　要：在人类支配的景观中,生境退化已经导致多个物种种群数量不断减少,分布范围不断缩减。紫貂(Martes zibellina)为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,种群数量稀少,开展栖息地适宜性研究工作对制定科学的栖息地保护计划至关重要。于2021年1月—2022年8月在黑龙江省北极村国家级自然保护区采用样线调查法、足迹链跟踪、远红外相机监测综合收集到紫貂和猎物(雪兔)活动点信息。利用最大熵(MaxEnt)栖息地建模分析方法,首次在多个分辨率尺度背景下对紫貂种群的栖息地适宜性进行评价,研究结果表明:(1)利用ArcGIS 10.4重采样后在6个分辨率尺度(30m、60m、120m、240m、480m、960m)进行栖息地建模分析,基于主要栖息地变量因子对模型的贡献率及稳定性影响,并综合考虑研究区域面积,最终选定30m分辨率尺度作为紫貂栖息地最佳分析建模尺度,在30m分辨率尺度栖息地预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.881;(2)研究发现猎物资源、植被类型和地形变量是影响紫貂栖息地适宜性的主要变量因子:雪兔出现概率较高、距草地与河流较近、海拔约400—600m、距常绿针叶林1.5km、距落叶针叶林约200m、坡向为50—250°的区域为紫貂的适宜栖息地;(3)栖息地适宜性分析表明,北极村国家级自然保护区紫貂适宜栖息地和次适宜栖息地面积共计23.66km2,约占保护区的17.2%,主要集中在保护区中部,而东部和西北部区域,栖息地破碎化较严重。基于模型结果与野外调查,提出了三条建议:(1)应严格控制人为活动,避免因人类干扰造成不适宜栖息地面积的持续扩大;(2)建立生态廊道促进保护区西部与中部紫貂种群进行个体交流,降低紫貂种群局部区域灭绝概率;(3)对东部地区破碎化的栖息地进行修复,扩大东部适宜栖息地面积,使破碎化的栖息地连接为整体。为分布于我国最北端的紫貂种群恢复创造条件,这对于构建该地�In human-dominated landscapes,habitat degradation has led to population and range declines for many species.The sable(Martes zibellina)is a first-class national protected animal in China with an endangered population;therefore,a priority for the conservation management of this species is to carry out habitat suitability research for the development of scientific habitat conservation plans.In this study,activity data for the sable and its prey(lepus timidus)were collected in Beijicun National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,from January 2021 to the end of August 2022 by conducting line transect surveys,footprint tracking,and infrared camera monitoring.MaxEnt habitat modeling analysis was used to evaluate the habitat suitability for the sable populations at six resolution scales(30m,60m,120m,240m,480m,and 960m)after resampling using ArcGIS 10.4.Based on the contribution rate of the main habitat variables to the model and their stability effect,and considering the study area comprehensively,we selected a 30 m resolution scale as the optimal scale for the sable habitat analysis;the area under the curve value of the 30m resolution scale habitat prediction model was 0.881.We found that prey resources,vegetation types,and terrain variables were the main variables affecting habitat suitability for the sable.Suitable habitat for the sable was in areas with a high probability of snow rabbits,close to grassland and rivers,approximately 200—400m above sea level,1.5km from evergreen coniferous forest,approximately 200m from deciduous coniferous forest,and with a slope angle of 50°to 250°.The habitat suitability analysis showed that the area of suitable habitat and semi-suitable habitat for the sable in Beijicun National Nature Reserve was 23.66km,accounting for 17.2%of the reserve.Habitat fragmentation was considerable,and was mainly concentrated in the central,eastern,and northwestern parts of the reserve.Based on our results,we suggest that(1)human activities should be strictly controlled to avoid the continuous ex

关 键 词：紫貂 最大熵模型 最优分辨率尺度 栖息地适宜性 

分 类 号：S86[农业科学—野生动物驯养]