鸿雁迁徙对停歇地的选择特征  

Characteristics of stopover site selection during the migration of swan goose

作　　者：李铣 张路[2] 曹垒 熊好琴[1] 赵青山 LI Xian;ZHANG Lu;CAO Lei;XIONG Haoqin;ZHAO Qingshan(National Plateau Wetlands Research Center/College of Wetlands,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学国家高原湿地研究中心/湿地学院,昆明650224 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第2期570-578,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171285,31860126)。

摘　　要：建立合理的湿地水鸟保护地是缓解水鸟栖息地丧失和种群下降的重要手段。以往的保护地设计中,由于越冬地和和繁殖地水鸟停留时间长、种群数量大,受到较多的关注。分析湿地水鸟对停歇地的选择偏好,掌握停歇地的自然条件和人类活动特征可为水鸟保护网络优化和保护地管理提供决策依据。而在水鸟迁徙过程中,停歇地作为保护网络的重要节点也发挥了重要作用。因此选择鸿雁为伞护种,获取了29只鸿雁项圈追踪数据,分析蒙古国Khukh湖-中国东北鸭绿江口秋季迁徙路线对停歇地生境选择偏好,识别了鸿雁在湿地周边不同距离梯度下的活动频率变化。根据鸿雁停歇数据共识别停歇地63处,以此为基础分析停歇的自然条件和人类活动因素特征。结果表明,鸿雁除选择湖泊和沼泽为停歇地外,周边250m内的裸地和草地也是重要栖息地;当鸿雁停歇地人类活动较少时,鸿雁倾向于选择土壤肥沃、食物丰富区,而人类活动强度加大时,栖息地植被条件提高能够为鸿雁提供遮避条件,也吸引了更多鸿雁停歇。研究建议,在水鸟迁徙重要廊道区应增加水鸟停歇地保护区,保护区的设计应根据关键保护对象活动频率加强对湿地周边的栖息地保护,减少水滨人类活动对鸿雁停歇的负面影响;在人类活动强度较大的地区设立水鸟保护地,还应加强对植被的保护,在水鸟利用频率较高的停歇地周边进行植被修复。Establishing effective wetland sanctuaries for waterfowl is a crucial step in mitigating the loss of their habitats and the decline of their populations.Previous reserve plans have primarily focused on waterbirds at wintering and breeding grounds,prioritizing them due to their extended stopover times and larger populations.By analyzing the preferences of wetland waterbirds for stopover sites and understanding the natural conditions and human activity patterns in these areas,we can make informed decisions to optimize waterbird conservation networks and effectively manage protected areas.During waterfowl migration,stopover sites serve as vital nodes within the conservation network.To study this,we selected geese as the primary species of interest and collected collar tracking data from 29 geese.The data analysis focused on their habitat preferences at stopover sites along the autumn migration route from Khukh Lake in Mongolia to the mouth of the Yalu River estuary in northeast China.We also examined changes in geese activity frequency across different distances around the wetlands.Based on the stopover data,we identified a total of 63 stopover sites and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the natural conditions and human activities present at these locations.Our study showings revealed that geese consider not only lakes and marshes but also bare ground and grassland within a 250-meter radius as important habitats.When the intensity of human activities is low at these stopover sites,geese have a preference for areas characterized by fertile soil and abundant food resources.However,as human activity intensity increases,the vegetation conditions at the resting places improve,offering shelter to the geese and attracting more of them to rest.When the human activity in the resting place is low,geese tend to choose fertile soil and food-rich area as their resting place,while when the intensity of human activity increases,the vegetation condition of the resting place can provide shelter for geese and attract more geese t

关 键 词：鸿雁 栖息地偏好 湿地保护 水鸟停歇地 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]