天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨特征及其与群落组成的关系  

Characteristics of seed rain and its relationship with community composition in the evergreen and deciduous broad⁃leaved mixed forest of Tianmu Mountain

作　　者：王通 郑枭 庞春梅[2] 丁山 宋思婧 余树全[1] 无 WANG Tong;ZHENG Xiao;PANG Chunmei;DING Shan;SONG Sijing;YU Shuquan;无(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Lin′an 311300,China;Management Bureau of Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve,Lin′an 311311,China;Forest Ecosystem National Positioning Observation Research Station of Tianmushan Mountain,Lin′an 311311,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,临安311300 [2]浙江天目山国家级自然保护区管理局,临安311311 [3]浙江天目山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,临安311311

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第2期780-792,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：天目山国家级自然保护区生物多样性长期监测样地建设项目(LZC-FS-2017-26001)。

摘　　要：林木种子是森林更新的重要物质基础,其数量多少与组成会对群落动态和生态系统的结构与功能产生深刻影响。为了更好的了解天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态变化,利用种子收集器对天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨进行了一年定位监测,分析了种子雨物种组成、季节动态、空间动态、种子性状以及种子雨与群落树种空间关系。结果表明:(1)天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨密度为921.33粒m^(-2) a^(-1),一年中每月都能收集到一定数量种子,月平均种子雨密度为76.78粒/m^(2),种子雨密度最大高峰是在10月份,达到263.78粒/m^(2),种子雨散布具有很大的空间变异,群落种子雨空间分布格局呈聚集分布。(2)一年中共收集到30个物种的种子,单粒种子平均重量为0.065 g,其中小叶青冈重量最大为0.405 g,最小的为柳杉重量为0.003 g,不同散布方式和不同果实类型的物种种子重量差异显著,在散布方式中重力散布的种子重量最大,在果实类型中坚果的种子重量最大。(3)植物群落物种对种子雨组成,特别是优势种的物种丰富度有很大贡献,种子不同的散布方式会影响种子雨与母树组成的相似性,风力散布的相似系数的最高值(R_(max))和距种子雨收集器的距离(d)均最大(风力散布:R_(max)=0.212,d=8 m;动物散布:R_(max)=0.143,d=6 m;重力散布:R_(max)=0.100,d=7 m),种子雨密度与周围母树数量在一定范围内呈显著正相关。综上,天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子物种种类丰富,种子雨具有明显的季节动态和空间变异,符合亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨时空动态的典型特征,通过风力散布的种子在远距离传播上有更大的优势。Forest seeds are an important material basis for forest regeneration,and their quantity and composition have a profound impact on community dynamics and the structure and function of the whole ecosystem.In order to better understand the dynamic changes of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,seed collector was utilized to monitor the seed rain in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Tianmu Mountain for one year.The species composition,seasonal dynamics,spatial dynamics,seed characteristics,and the spatial relationship between seed rain and community tree species were analyzed.The results demonstrated that:(1)the seed rain density of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Tianmu Mountain was 921.33 seeds m^(-2) a^(-1),and a certain numb of seeds culd be collected every month in a year,with a monthly average seed rain density of 76.78 seeds/m^(2).The maximum seed rain density reached 263.78 seeds/m^(2) in October,the seed rain dispersal had great spatial variability and the spatial distribution pattern of community seed rain showed aggregation distribution.(2)In total thirty species of seeds were collected in a year,and the average weight of a single seed was 0.065 g.The maximum weight was found in the Quercus myrsinifolia,which weighed 0.405 g,while the minimum weight was found in the Cryptomeria japonica sinensis,which weighed 0.003 g.There were significant differences in seed weight among species with different dispersion methods and different fruit types.In the dispersal method,the weight of seeds dispersed by gravity was the largest,while in the fruit type,the weight of nuts was the largest.(3)Plant community species made a great contribution to the composition of seed rain,especially the richness of dominant species.Different dispersal methods of seeds would affect the similarity between seed rain and the parent tree composition,with the highest value of the similarity coefficient(R_(max))and the distance(d)from the seed rain collector being the largest for wind disp

关 键 词：天目山 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 种子雨 密度 季节动态 空间分布 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学]