人与野生动物共存研究进展  

Research progress and prospect of human and wildlife coexistence

作　　者：马奔 雷硕 MA Ben;LEI Shuo(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Institute of Ecology,Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]中国环境科学研究院生态研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第3期885-892,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72103196);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(71861147001)。

摘　　要：人类和野生动物生存空间高度重叠,冲突不可避免,如何从冲突走向共存是学术研究的热点和难点。研究评述了人与野生动物共存的概念解析、量化评估、影响因素以及实现机制四方面的进展,发现人与野生动物共存的概念定义和量化评估还存在争议。大多研究认为共存并不意味着没有冲突,而是不可避免的冲突被控制在可容忍范围内。研究多采用容忍度、接受度、保护态度和行为等变量对人与野生动物共存状态进行量化。野生动物相关的成本效益是影响人与野生动物共存的关键因素。经济和教育手段是实现共存的重要路径。经济手段包括补偿、保险、生态旅游、保护投资等措施,通过增加野生动物保护效益、减少保护成本可以实现共存。教育手段通过提升社区保护意识和野生动物保护效益感知、增强冲突应对能力实现人与野生动物共存。未来研究可以从生态和生计视角构建主客观相结合的指标体系对人与野生动物共存进行量化;基于社会生态系统框架识别影响人与野生动物共存的关键因素,总结实现共存的成功经验;采用实验经济学方法探索适用于本土的多样化共存干预措施组合。The living space of human and wildlife highly overlap,which caused the inevitable conflict between human and wildlife.How to move from conflict to coexistence is a hot and difficult issue in academic research.This paper reviewed the research progress from the concept analysis,quantitative evaluation,impact factors,and realization mechanism of human and wildlife coexistence.The research results showed that the concept definition and quantitative evaluation of human and wildlife coexistence were still controversial.Most studies believe that coexistence does not mean the absence of conflicts,but rather the inevitable conflicts are controlled within a tolerable range.Most of the studies use variables such as tolerance,acceptance,conservation attitude,and behavior to quantify the human and wildlife coexistence.In terms of the influencing factors of coexistence,the costs and benefits related to wildlife are the key factors affecting the human and wildlife coexistence.Economic and educational means are important paths to achieve coexistence.Economic means,including compensation,insurance,ecotourism,and conservation investment,can achieve coexistence by increasing the benefits and reducing costs of wildlife conservation.In addition,nature education can achieve coexistence by improving the community conservation awareness,enhancing the ability to cope with conflicts,and sensing the benefits of wildlife conservation.Future research can be carried out in the following aspects:(1)build an indicator system combining subjective and objective indicators from the perspective of ecology and livelihood to quantify the human and wildlife coexistence.(2)Identify the key factors affecting the human and wildlife coexistence and summarize successful coexistence experience based on the social-ecological system framework.(3)Adopt the experimental economics method to explore the local specific diverse portfolio of coexistence interventions.

关 键 词：人与野生动物共存 容忍度 成本效益 经济手段 

分 类 号：S86[农业科学—野生动物驯养]