川西平原五种水旱轮作模式旱作季杂草群落特征  

Weed community characteristics during upland crop season under five paddy⁃upland rotations in the western Sichuan Plain

作　　者：曹涛 王淘 周高子 周童露 姬程阳 金春连 刘琦[1] 周伟[1] 邓飞[1] 任万军[1] 陈勇[1] CAO Tao;WANG Tao;ZHOU Gaozi;ZHOU Tonglu;JI Chengyang;JIN Chunlian;LIU Qi;ZHOU Wei;DENG Fei;REN Wanjun;CHEN Yong(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming Systems in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wenjiang 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,温江611130

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第3期1273-1283,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1100204);四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)。

摘　　要：为明确不同水旱轮作模式对川西平原旱作季杂草群落特征的影响,从而为旱作季杂草的高效防控提供理论依据。基于大蒜-水稻(GR)、小麦-水稻(WR)、蚕豆-水稻(BR)、油菜-水稻(RR)和马铃薯-水稻(PR)五种水旱轮作的长期定位试验,在2022年旱季采用生态学方法探究了不同水旱轮作模式下旱作季农田杂草种类、密度、株高、生物量等杂草群落结构和物种多样性特征。结果表明:(1)五种轮作模式下杂草田间密度表现为WR>BR>RR>GR>PR,生物量表现为WR>BR>GR>RR>PR,物种多样性表现为GR>BR>RR>PR>WR,物种均匀度表现为GR>PR>BR>RR>WR,群落优势度表现为WR>PR>RR>BR>GR,表明GR杂草群落稳定性最高,WR杂草群落稳定性最低且优势物种发生危害的程度最高,RR的杂草种类数少且不易发生危害;(2)五种水旱轮作模式杂草群落相似性较高,相似性指数在0.69—0.84之间,WR杂草生活型以一年生单子叶杂草为主,其余四种模式以一年生双子叶杂草为主;(3)WR优势杂草种类最少,为禾本科棒头草(Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud),其重要值为59.53%;BR优势杂草种类最多,为棒头草、蔊菜(Rorippa indica(L.)Hiern)、毛茛(Ranunculus japonicus Thunb)和通泉草(Mazus japonicus(Thunb.)O.Kuntze);GR优势杂草为苣荬菜(Sonchus wightianus DC)和猪殃殃(Galium spurium L);RR和PR优势杂草均为三种,都包括为棒头草和蔊菜。因此,以确保旱作季杂草能得到有效控制,不同水旱轮作模式应制定不同的杂草防控措施。GR和PR应重点控制以猪殃殃为代表的双子叶杂草,WR应着重控制以棒头草等为代表的单子叶杂草,BR和RR应注重繁殖力强的单双子叶杂草的综合防治。Clarifying the effects of different paddy-upland rotation patterns on the characteristics of weed communities in upland crop season in West Sichuan Plain can provide an important theoretical guidance for weed efficient control.Based on a long-term experiment of five paddy-upland rotations,including garlic-rice(GR),wheat-rice(WR),broad bean-rice(BR),rape-rice(RR),and potato-rice(PR),the weed community structure and species diversity characteristics,including the weed species,density,plant height,biomass,and other related indicators of different paddy-upland rotations were investigated by ecological method in the upland season of 2022.The results showed that:(1)under the five rotation systems,the density of weeds was ordered by WR>BR>RR>GR>PR,while the biomass order was WR>BR>GR>RR>PR.Species diversity was ordered by GR>BR>RR>PR>WR,species evenness was ordered by GR>PR>BR>RR>WR,and the community dominance was ordered by WR>PR>RR>BR>GR.These results indicated that the stability of weed community was the highest under GR and lowest under WR,but the degree of damage of dominant species was the highest under WR,and also,the quantity of weed species under RR was small and not easy to harm.(2)The Bray-Curtis similarity index of weed communities in the five paddy-upland rotations was high,which was between 0.69 and 0.84.Annual monocotyledonous weeds were the dominant weed life form under WR,while that of the other four systems were annual dicotyledonous weeds.(3)The kind of dominant weed under WR was the least,which was Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud,and its importance value was 59.53%.BR had the most kinds of dominant weed species,which contained Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud,Rorippa indica(L.)Hiern,Ranunculus japonicus Thunb,and Mazus japonicus(Thunb.)O.Kuntze.The dominant species under GR was Sonchus wightianus DC and Galium spurium L.There were three dominant weeds under RR and PR,both of which included Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud and Rorippa indica(L.)Hiern.To ensure effective weed management in upland crop systems,

关 键 词：川西平原 杂草群落 水旱轮作 物种多样性 优势杂草 

分 类 号：S45[农业科学—植物保护]