矿产资源犯罪判断中的法益识别  

Identification of Legal Interests in Determining the Crimes Against Mineral Resources

作　　者：焦艳鹏 JIAO Yanpeng

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《政治与法律》2024年第2期16-30,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“污染环境犯罪多元治理机制研究”(项目编号:19ZDA161)和国家社科基金重点项目“面向生态文明建设的我国污染环境犯罪治理机制研究”(项目编号:19AFX008)的研究成果。

摘　　要：矿产资源犯罪侵害的是复合法益。对矿产资源犯罪进行法益识别的关键要点包括:对该类犯罪所指向的物理对象的进一步明确;对作为行政违法性要素的“非法”的准确判断;对实践中该类犯罪所侵害实质客体的类型化分析;明确该类犯罪的刑事制裁方式及其刑法功能如何实现。基于前述要点,矿产资源犯罪的成立应采用严格主义,对是否违反前行法的判断应采用严格标准;应将矿产资源与普通财产、财物及生态环境的功能严格区分;应正确认知非法采矿行为造成矿产资源损失与生态环境破坏两者间的关系,在入罪上采用差异化标准;对在风景名胜区、自然保护区等特殊区域采矿行为的判断应结合民法上的情势变更原则与行政法上的比例原则,谨慎入罪。在矿产资源犯罪的刑法制裁中,应注意其与民事公益诉讼案件性质与功能的区分,注意生态修复费用、惩罚性赔偿等的非刑事责任性质,避免不同性质责任的相互消解,保障刑法功能在该领域的全面实现。The legal interests harmed by crimes against mineral resources are compound.The essential points for the identification of legal interests in crimes against mineral resources include:further clarification of the physical objects targeted by such category of crimes;accurate determination of"illegality"as an element of administrative illegality;the classification-oriented analysis of the substantive objects harmed by such category of crimes in practice;the clarification of mode of criminal sanction on such category of crimes and how the function of criminal law is realized.Based on the above-mentioned essential points,the doctrine of strictness should be adopted in the establishment of crimes against mineral resources.Namely,firstly,the doctrine of strictness should be adopted in the determining whether the predicate law is violated;secondly,the function of mineral resources should be strictly distinguished from that of ordinary property,assets or ecological environment;thirdly,the relationship between the loss of mineral resources and the destruction of the ecological environment caused by illegal mining should be understood correctly,and the differentiated standard should be adopted in conviction;fourthly,the behavior of mining in special areas such as scenic spots and nature reserves should be determined in combination with the principle of change of circumstances in civil law and the principle of proportionality in administrative law,thus prudence should be exercised in determine it as a crime.In the criminal sanction over crimes against mineral resources,we should pay attention to the distinction between its nature and function from those of civil public interest litigation cases,pay attention to the non-criminal nature of ecological restoration costs,punitive damages,etc.,avoid the setting-off of responsibilities with different natures,and ensure the full realization of the functions of criminal law in this field.

关 键 词：矿产资源犯罪 非法采矿罪 惩罚性赔偿 生态法益 法益识别 

分 类 号：DF626[政治法律—刑法学]