95例临床输血不良反应回顾性分析  

Retrospective Analysis of 95 Cases Adverse Reactions to Clinical Blood Transfusion

作　　者：唐代玉 赵雪瑞 TANG Daiyu;ZHAO Xuerui(Blood Transfusion Department,Yunnan Province the Third People's Hospital,Kunming,Yunnan 650011)

机构地区：[1]云南省第三人民医院输血科,云南昆明650011

出　　处：《智慧健康》2023年第25期114-118,共5页Smart Healthcare

摘　　要：目的研究在临床患者输注各种血液成分时遇到的不良反应,以作为科学和安全用血的依据。方法选择2017年1月—2020年12月接受本院输血治疗的18788例患者为研究对象,统计并分析输血过程中不良反应的发生率,并进一步研究与输血反应发生率有关的因素,比如年龄、性别、血型、输血史、怀孕史、科室以及输注的血液成分和效果等。结果在18788名接受输血的患者中,共有95例出现了输血不良反应,不良反应的总体发生率为0.51%。其中,非溶血性发热的输血反应共有53例,占总不良反应的55.79%;过敏反应为33例,占总反应的34.74%;寒战反应有9例,占总反应的9.47%。在20~59岁的人群中,男性输血不良反应率为0.14%,而女性为0.36%,两者的差距在统计学上是有意义的(P<0.05)。有输血史的38例占比为40.00%,无输血史的57例占比为60.00%。在出现输血不良反应的患者中,消化内科的人数最多,总计22例,其次是产科19例,妇科18例,接着是重症医学科5例,神经外科4例等等。悬浮红细胞的输血不良反应率最高,总计69例,占了输血不良反应的72.63%,而冷沉淀和洗涤红细胞最低,各为1例,占输血不良反应的1.05%,这些差异在统计学上也是有意义的(P<0.05)。结论本院总体输血不良反应发生率较低,主要是非溶血性发热输血反应,患者大多无输血史,年龄主要集中在20-59岁,发生输血不良反应的患者消化内科最多,其次为产科和妇科。在临床工作中要预防和减少输血不良反应的发生,根据不同的科别和出血量估计以及输血种类进行针对性预防,应严格把握输血指征,做到精准个性化输血,应加强医护人员对输血不良反应的培训,提高医护人员对输血不良反应的认识和判断能力,从而提高输血安全与输血疗效。Objective To study adverse reactions during infusion of various blood components in clinical patients,to serve as scientific and safe basis for blood use.Methods The paper chose 18788 patients who with blood transfusion treatment in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 as research subjects,analyzed incidence of adverse reactions during the transfusion process statistically,researched factors related to incidence of transfusion reactions further,inclduing age,gender,blood type,transfusion history,pregnancy history,department,and blood composition and effect of transfusion.Results Among 18788 patients treated with blood transfusions,95 patients experienced adverse transfusion reactions,with overall incidence rate of 0.51%.Among them,there were 53 cases of non hemolytic fever transfusion reactions,accounting for 55.79% of total adverse reactions.There were 33 cases of allergic reactions,accounting for 34.74% of total reactions.There were 9 cases of shivering reaction,accounting for 9.47%.Among population aged 20 to 59,incidence of adverse reactions to blood transfusion in males was 0.14%,that in females was 0.36%.Difference between two is statistically significant(P<0.05).Proportion of 38 cases with blood transfusion history was 40.00%,while the proportion of 57 cases without blood transfusion history was 60.00%.Among patients with adverse reactions to blood transfusion,number in gastroenterology department was the highest,with 22 cases,followed by 19 cases in obstetrics,18 cases in gynecology,5 cases in intensive medicine,4 cases in neurosurgery,and etc.Suspended red blood cells had the highest incidence of transfusion adverse reactions,with 69 cases,accounting for 72.63% of transfusion adverse reactions,while cryoprecipitate and washed red blood cells had the lowest incidence,with 1 case,accounting for 1.05% of transfusion adverse reactions,difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Overall incidence of adverse reactions to blood transfusion in our hospital is relatively low,with reason

关 键 词：输血 输血不良反应 非溶血性发热反应 过敏反应 寒战 影响因素 安全用血 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学]