智慧农业助力粮食生产节本增产增效的“九步法”  

Nine-Step Approach of smart agricultural helps grain production reduce costs,increase yield and efficiency

作　　者：高树琴 胡兆民 王竑晟 张晓博 张玉成[1] GAO Shuqin;HU Zhaomin;WANG Hongsheng;ZHANG Xiaobo;ZHANG Yucheng(Institute of Computing Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Hulun Buir State Farm,Hulun Buir 021008,China;Bureau of Science and Technology for Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;Beijing Guoke Fuxi Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院计算技术研究所,北京100190 [2]呼伦贝尔农垦集团,呼伦贝尔021008 [3]中国科学院科技促进发展局,北京100864 [4]北京国科伏羲科技有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2024年第1期198-209,共12页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28040000)。

摘　　要：粮食安全是治国理政的头等大事。新中国成立以来,高标准农田建设、农业机械化发展、农业技术提升等均为粮食增产增效作出了贡献。在当前严守18亿亩耕地红线的局势下,大水大肥等依靠农用物资投入提升粮食产量的增长效应已进入平台期,持续增产的空间有限。在信息化、智能化、物联网、大数据和人工智能等新技术快速发展的背景下,将数字经济与农业传统产业融合,发展智慧农业,将是我国粮食增产增效的新增长点。围绕粮食生产的产前、产中、产后3个阶段,针对从整地到粮食入库的全过程,文章提出了智慧农业的“九步法”,即“两精”“三变”“三减”“一用”,并分别阐述了每个环节的内涵、存在的技术瓶颈和对粮食生产节本增效的作用。最后,针对我国智慧农业发展,就大数据的获取、标准化、应用和安全提出了建议。Food security is a top priority in national governance.Since 1949,high-standard farmland construction,agricultural mechanization development,and agricultural technology promotion have all contributed to the grain production.To ensure grain security,China has drawn a“red line”of 1.8 billion mu(about 120 million hectares)as the official minimum of arable land.At the same time,increasing the investment of capital goods such as fertilizer and pesticides can no longer produce more food.Due to the extensive farming method in the past,the continuous increase in total grain output becomes difficult in the future.With the rapid development of advanced technologies such as informatization,intelligence,Internet of Things,big data and artificial intelligence,fine management of agricultural production can be achieved.Through the integration of digital economy and traditional agricultural industries,developing smart agriculture will provide possibilities for increasing food production.Focusing on the three stages of grain production(including pre-,during-and after-production),this study puts forward the Nine-Step Approach of smart agriculture,namely two refinements,three changes,three reductions,and one use.For each step,the connotation,the existing technical bottleneck,and the potential of future improvement are discussed.In addition,suggestions for further development of smart agriculture are made from four perspectives,namely,data collection,data standardization,data applications,and data security.

关 键 词：粮食安全 智慧农业 农业大数据 “九步法” 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济] F49