深时源-汇系统要素的常用定量分析方法  

Quantitative analysis methods of source-to-sink systems in deep-time and their progress

作　　者：陈星渝 张志杰[2] 万力 袁选俊[2] 周川闽[2] 成大伟 刘银河[2] CHEN Xingyu;ZHANG Zhijie;WAN Li;YUAN Xuanjun;ZHOU Chuanmin;CHENG Dawei;LIU Yinhe(School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2024年第1期89-107,共19页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家油气重大专项(2017ZX05001);中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2019B-0307;2021DJ0401)。

摘　　要：源-汇系统研究是构造地质学、沉积学和层序地层学的综合,因其整体性、动态化和半定量-定量的特点受到了广泛关注。首先阐述了目前深时(前第四纪)源-汇系统的关键问题是物质平衡的定量表征及搬运过程对沉积物的控制,由于地层记录缺失和参数获取困难等原因,研究仍极具挑战。随后综述了深时源-汇系统定量分析方法,可分为地质年代学法、将今论古法和沉积学法。各方法通过获取地貌要素、水力学参数、侵蚀速率、沉积通量等信息,建立“源”“汇”之间的定量关系,进而重建盆地沉积充填演化史。通过系统介绍不同方法的基本原理、相关参数,对比其优越性及局限性,认为地质年代学法应用较广,核心在于物源示踪;将今论古法关键是地质背景的类比及地质参数的选择;沉积学法受多变量控制,需兼顾构造-气候背景及研究尺度。最后对深时源-汇系统定量分析的发展进行了展望,在“将今论古”这一重要思想指导下,需着眼于物源体系、沉积物搬运路径、沉积物分配关系、系统内的各要素及其耦合作用,需注重多时间尺度的定量表征、多学科交叉的动态研究。而相较于大陆边缘源-汇系统,陆相湖盆源-汇系统模式与预测模型有待进一步完善。[Significane]The analysis of source-to-sink system is a comprehensive study of tectonic geology,sedimentology,and sequence stratigraphy.Because of its integral,dynamic,and semiquantitative-quantitative characteristics,it has attracted widespread attention.[Progress]This review first introduces the key issues of the deep-time source-to-sink systems(pre-Quaternary systems),which include the quantitative characterization of sediment mass balance and the control of the transport process on the sediment.Due to the lack of stratigraphic records and the difficulty in obtaining parameters,the research is still challenging.Second,it reviews the quantitation methods of deep-time source-to-sink systems that can be classified into three categories,namely,geochronology,uniformitarianism,and sedimentology.By obtaining information such as geomorphological parameters,hydraulic parameters,erosion rates,and sediment flux,various methods establish the quantitative relationships between"sources"and"sinks"and then rebuild the sedimentary basin infilling history.This article introduces the principles and related parameters of different methods and then compares the advantages and limitations to provide a reference for future research.It is believed that geochronology is widely used,and the core lies in provenance analysis.The key to uniformitarianism is the analogy of geological background and the selection of geological parameters.The sedimentology is controlled by multiple variables,and the tectonic-climate background and research scale need to be considered comprehensively.[Conclusions and Prospects]Finally,this review states the development of quantitative analysis of deep-time source-to-sink systems.Under the guidance of the important idea of"the present is the key to the past",the research needs to focus on the provenance systems,sediment routing systems,sediment dispersal,and redistributive process,and coupling relationship between various parameters.Research also needs to pay attention to quantitative analysis at multiple time

关 键 词：源-汇系统 深时 定量分析 物质平衡 沉积通量 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学]