基于正交匹配追踪的深度波数谱分解及其在含油气储层预测中的应用  

Depth wavenumber spectral decomposition based on orthogonal matching pursuit and its application in hydrocarbon reservoir prediction

作　　者：唐甜 巴素玉[2] 时瑞坤[2] 王楠[2] 田媛 顾汉明[1] TANG Tian;BA Suyu;SHI Ruikun;WANG Nan;TIAN Yuan;GU Hanming(School of Geophysics and Geomatics,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Geophysical Research Institute,SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Company,Dongying Shandong 257022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院,武汉430074 [2]中国石化胜利油田分公司物探研究院,山东东营257022

出　　处：《地质科技通报》2024年第1期360-370,共11页Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology

基　　金：胜利油田分公司基础前瞻课题“深度偏移资料时深双域地震属性特征研究”(YJQ2103);中国石化课题“砂砾岩体沉积模式与圈闭描述技术推广应用”(P21091)。

摘　　要：常规时间域地震属性分析是利用由叠前深度偏移数据转换至时间域的数据,这种转换将造成有效高频信息的损失,为了充分利用深度域资料成像精度高的优势,有必要开展深度域资料属性分析工作。由于深度域波数与频率和波速有关,如何获得高分辨率深度波数谱是深度域地震属性分析的关键。采用基于稀疏反演的谱分解方法,通过建立深度域过完备子波库,利用正交匹配追踪算法提高深度波数谱计算分辨率,通过理论模型的深度波数谱属性计算,并与时频谱属性进行对比,分析含油气储层的深度波数谱变化特征,通过实际资料的深度波数谱属性分析应用,验证利用深度波数谱进行含油气性预测的实用性。结果表明,基于正交匹配追踪算法的深度波数谱分解方法具有较高分辨率,可作为深度域含油气储层预测的高精度手段之一。实际数据应用表明,深度波数谱含油气储层下方出现低波数伴影现象,可作为深度域指示油气储层存在的标志,基于正交匹配追踪的深度波数谱分解方法可有效识别低波数伴影异常,对深度域地震资料进行含油气储层预测。[Objective]Conventional seismic attribute analysis in the time domain is based on the conversion from prestack depth migration data to time domain data,which will cause the loss of effective high-frequency information.To make full use of the advantage of the high imaging accuracy of depth domain data,it is necessary to carry out the attribute analysis of depth domain data.Because the wavenumber in the depthdomain is related to the frequency and wave velocity,obtaining a high-resolution depth wavenumber spectrum is the key to seismic attribute analysis in the depth domain.[Methods]In this paper,based on the spectral decomposition method of sparse inversion,an overcomplete wavelet dictionary in the depth domain is established,and the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is used to improve the computational resolution of the depth wavenumber spectrum.By calculating the attributes of the depth wavenumber spectrum of the theoretical model and comparing them with the attributes of the time-frequency spectrum,the variation characteristics of the depth wavenumber spectrum of the hydrocarbon reservoir are analyzed.Through the application of depth wavenumber spectral attribute analysis of field data,the practicability of using the depth wavenumber spectrum to predict oil and gas reservoirs is verified.[Results]The results show that the depth wavenumber spectral decomposition method based on the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm has high resolution and can be used as a high-precision method for hydrocarbon reservoir prediction in the depth domain.[Conclusion]The application of field data shows that the low-wavenumber shadow appears below the oil and gas reservoir in the deep wavenumber spectrum,which can be used as a sign to indicate the existence of oil and gas reservoirs in the depth domain.The depth wavenumber spectral decomposition based on orthogonal matching pursuit can effectively identify the low-wavenumber shadow anomaly,which enables to predict the oil and gas reservoirs by use of the depth domain seismic dat

关 键 词：正交匹配追踪 深度波数谱分解 低频伴影 油气储层预测 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P618.13[天文地球—地质学]