土壤中硒元素来源和迁移作用研究现状  

Source and Migration of Selenium in the Soil

作　　者：雷万杉[1,2] 林鑫[1] 段星星[3] 刘拓[4] 杨生飞[4] 张海东[1] 刘云华[1,2] Lei Wanshan;Lin Xin;Duan Xingxing;Liu Tuo;Yang Shengfei;Zhang Haidong;Liu Yunhua(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China;Center of Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Urumqi 830000,China;Xi’an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与资源学院,西安710054 [2]长安大学陕西省土地整治重点实验室,西安710054 [3]中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西安710054

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2024年第1期264-278,共15页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42173028);陕西省自然科学基金项目(2020JM-224)。

摘　　要：自然过程和人为因素可以活化和迁移硒进入和离开土壤。查明土壤中硒的来源和迁移作用对富硒土地管理和富硒产业开发具有科学上和实践上的重要意义。岩石圈和大气干湿沉降是土壤硒的最基本来源。地表水径流、地下水淋滤、农作物收割、植物和微生物的挥发是土壤硒丢失的主要途径。土壤中硒的迁移作用可归因于水动力迁移作用、固相吸附作用和动植物循环作用。土壤组成和物理化学条件是控制土壤中硒分布和迁移的直接因素,气候、地形和农业活动通过改变土壤组成和物理化学条件间接地影响土壤中硒的迁移和重分布。在区域尺度(如大洲、国家和省)上,地质背景、气候和地形因素对硒的分布至关重要,而在局部尺度(如县、乡和农田)上,人类活动特别是农业耕作的影响更为显著。基于硒在土壤中的行为特性,提出了一系列硒资源管理策略:1)生物强化和修复,通过动植物循环作用来调节土壤中硒分布和生物有效性,它被认为是一种生态富硒手段;2)灌溉模式,通过改变水动力条件来调整土壤的理化条件,进而改变土壤的固相吸附作用和动植物循环作用,其中漫水灌溉和有氧灌溉结合的水管理模式被认为可以提升土壤硒的有效性;3)农艺措施,如施加硒肥、磷肥、硫肥和撒石灰,通过直接改变土壤组成和理化条件调整土壤硒的分布和有效性,这是传统的富硒农艺措施,但也可能产生一定的生态风险。Natural processes and human factors can activate and migrate the selenium into and out of the soil.Finding out the provenance and migration mechanism of selenium in soil is of great scientific and practical significance for selenium-rich land management and selenium-rich industrial development.The lithosphere and dry and wet deposition of atmosphere are the most basic sources of soil selenium.Surface runoff,groundwater lixiviation,crop harvesting and volatilization of plants and microorganisms are the main ways of selenium loss.The migration of selenium in soil can be attributed to hydrodynamic migration mechanism,solid phase adsorption mechanism and absorption,degradation and volatilization mechanisms.Soil composition and physicochemical conditions affect the migration and redistribution of selenium in soil by changing the process of the above mechanism.Climate,topography and agricultural activities indirectly affect the migration and redistribution of selenium in soil by changing soil composition and physicochemical conditions.Geological background,climatic conditions,and topographic factors are very important for the distribution of selenium on a regional scale(such as continents,countries and provinces),while on a local scale(such as counties,townships and farmland),the impact of human activities,especially agricultural farming,is more significant.Based on the behavioral characteristics of selenium in soil,a series of selenium resource management strategies have been developed:1)Biofortification and remediation regulate selenium distribution and bioavailability in soil through animal and plant transformation,which is considered to be an ecologically Selenium management solution.2)The irrigation mode adjusts the physical and chemical conditions of the soil by changing the hydrodynamic conditions,thereby changing the solid phase adsorption of the soil and the transformation of animals and plants.The water management mode combining flood irrigation and aerobic irrigation is believed to improve the availability o

关 键 词：硒分布 硒管理 土壤构成 气候条件 农业活动 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]