城市浅层地热能开发地质环境问题研究  

Geological Environment Problems of Urban Shallow Geothermal Energy Development

作　　者：朱巍[1] 张静[1] 唐雯 张旭升 毕立坤 ZHU Wei;ZHANG Jing;TANG Wen;ZHANG Xusheng;BI Likun(Shenyang Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Shenyang,Liaoning 110000;Liaoning Provincial Geological Environment Monitoring Station,Shenyang,Liaoning 110033;Liaoning Second Hydrogeological Engineering Geology Group Co.,LTD.,Dalian,Liaoning 116037)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心,辽宁沈阳110000 [2]辽宁省地质环境监测总站,辽宁沈阳110033 [3]辽宁省第二水文地质工程地质大队有限责任公司,辽宁大连116037

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2024年第1期113-120,共8页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：大连市财政资金项目“大连市城市地质调查”(编号:XU20180903)资助。

摘　　要：本文就浅层地热能开发利用过程中出现的生态环境和地质环境问题从客观因素和人为因素进行了详细的研究,借助土壤温度的测试和地层冷热平衡的监测,分析在地源热泵运行过程中造成的热污染、地下水位下降、地面沉降、地下水质恶化污染等问题。研究认为长期利用地源热泵开发利用系统,如设计不合理或地下水回灌率低,将破坏地层的冷热平衡。北方地区供暖期大于制冷期时,地层温度将逐年下降,N2O和CH4会集中释放,造成生物生长速度缓慢。地下水源热泵运行时,如地下水回灌困难,将导致地下水资源浪费、水位下降等生态环境问题以及路面塌陷、地面沉降等地质环境问题。供暖期、制冷期运行时间差别较大时,将导致地下水温度的变化,直接影响地下水中污染物的降解,间接影响地下水的水质。抽取、回灌地下水的过程会造成空气中的氧气随之溶解于水中,导致地下水质的变化。通过分析浅层地热能开发利用存在的突出问题和影响因素,可为其科学合理开发利用提供科学依据和技术支撑。The ecological and geological environmental issues related to the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy were thoroughly examined in this study,considering both objective factors and human factors.Through soil temperature testing and monitoring of cold and heat balance within formations,the analysis focused on problems arising from ground source heat pump operation,including thermal pollution,decline in groundwater levels,ground subsidence,and deterioration of groundwater quality.The research indicates that long-term use of ground source heat pump systems with unreasonable design or low groundwater recharge rates can disrupt the cold and heat balance within formations.In regions where heating periods exceed cooling periods,formation temperatures gradually decrease over time leading to concentrated release of N2O and CH4 gases which hinder biological growth.Difficulties in recharging groundwater during operation of groundwater source heat pumps result in ecological environmental issues,such as wastage of groundwater resources and water level depletion,additionally causing geological environmental problems like pavement collapse and ground settlement.Significant differences between heating period duration versus cooling period duration lead to changes in groundwater temperature directly impacting pollutant degradation within the water system while indirectly affecting its overall quality.Pumping out and recharging groundwater causes oxygen from air to dissolve into water thereby altering its quality.By analyzing prominent issues along with influencing factors associated with shallow geothermal energy development and utilization,this study provides a scientific basis as well as technical support for its rational implementation.

关 键 词：浅层地热能 地层温度 地质环境 抽取 回灌 

分 类 号：P69[天文地球—地质学]