密度和钾肥及其互作对小麦茎秆形态特征与抗倒性的影响  

Effects of density,potassium fertilizer and their interaction on stem morphological characteristics and lodging resistance of wheat

作　　者：陶庭余 王荣圆 魏鹏 闫素辉 李文阳 TAO Tingyu;WANG Rongyuan;WEI Peng;YAN Suhui;LI Wenyang(College of Agriculture,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang 233100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《安徽科技学院学报》2024年第1期71-76,共6页Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University

基　　金：安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(小麦);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110879079)。

摘　　要：目的:探索安徽沿淮地区小麦品种对种植密度及钾肥的响应。方法:以‘华成3366’为材料,设置2个种植密度(240万株/hm^(2)、300万株/hm^(2))和3个钾肥水平(60、120、180 kg/hm^(2))二因素裂区试验,对其株高、重心高度、基部第2节形态特征及内含物、茎秆机械强度及抗倒伏指数等指标进行测定。结果:在D_(2)水平下小麦的株高、重心高和节间长较D_(1)水平下有所增加,分别增加3.92、2.29、0.58 cm。在D_(2)水平下的节间直径、节间壁厚、节间干质量、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素以及节间针刺力和节间抗折力较D_(1)有所减少,导致茎粗系数、节间充实度、抗倒伏指数降低,分别降低0.04、3.21 g/mm^(2)、0.08。在K_(1)水平下小麦株高、重心高、节间长较K_(2)、K_(3)水平下有所增加。在K_(1)水平下小麦节间直径、节间壁厚、节间干质量、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素以及节间针刺力和节间抗折力较K_(2)、K_(3)水平下有所减少,导致茎粗系数、节间充实度、抗倒伏指数减少。相关性分析表明,株高、重心高与抗倒伏指数呈极显著负相关,与节间壁厚、纤维素呈显著正相关。结论:本试验条件下,随着钾肥水平的提高,小麦茎粗系数、节间直径和节间干质量增加,进而增强小麦的抗倒伏能力,因此可通过增加钾肥施用量提高小麦抗倒伏性能。Objective:To explore the response of wheat varieties to planting density and potassium fertilizer in Anhui along the Huaihe River region.Methods:Taking Huacheng 3366 as the material,a two-factor split-plot experiment was set up with sowing rate(2.4 million/hm^(2),3 million/hm^(2))and potassium fertilizer level(60,120,180 kg/hm^(2)).The plant height,height of center of gravity,morphological characteristics and inclusions of the second section of the base,culm mechanical strength and lodging resistance index were measured.Results:The results showed that the plant height,height of center of gravity and internode length of wheat under D_(2) level increased by 3.92,2.29,0.58 cm,respectively,compared with those under D_(1) level.At the D_(2) level,the internode diameter,internode wall thickness,internode dry weight,cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,and internode pin-stab and internode fracture resistance were reduced compared with D_(1),resulting in stem in diameter,internode filling rate,and lodging resistance index decreased by 0.04,3.21 g/mm 2 and 0.08,respectively.The plant height,height of center of gravity and internode length at K_(1) level were higher than those at K_(2) and K_(3) levels.Compared with K_(2) and K_(3) levels,the internode diameter,internode wall thickness,internode dry weight,cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin,and internode pin-stab and internode fracture under K_(1) level were reduced,resulting reduction in stem in diameter,internode filling rate,and lodging resistance index.Correlation analysis showed that plant height and height of center of gravity were significantly negatively correlated with lodging resistance index,and significantly positively correlated with internode wall thickness and cellulose.Conclusion:Under the conditions of this experiment,with the increase of potassium fertilizer levels,the stem in diameter,internode diameter and internode dry weight of wheat increased,thus enhancing the lodging resistance of wheat.Therefore,the lodging resistance of wheat could be improved by increasin

关 键 词：小麦 钾肥 茎秆 抗倒伏 

分 类 号：S852.3[农业科学—基础兽医学]