微生物定量风险评估在沙滩卫生评价中的应用——以海南三海滩为例  

Application of Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment in Beach Hygiene Evaluation:a Case Study of Three Beaches in Hainan

作　　者：李明雪 黄海溶[1] 符琳萱 李娜[1,2] 肖莎 于德娥[1] 龙文芳[1,2,3] LI Mingxue;HUANG Hairong;FU Linxuan;LI Na;XIAO Sha;YU De-e;LONG Wenfang(International College of Public Health and Total Health,Hainan Medical College,Haikou 570100,China;Tropical Environment and Health Laboratory of Hainan Medical College,Haikou 570100,China;Hainan Provincial Academician Workstation,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南医学院公共卫生与全健康国际学院,海南海口570100 [2]海南医学院热带环境与健康实验室,海南海口570100 [3]海南省院士工作站,海南海口570100

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2024年第1期76-82,共7页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：海南省重点研发科技项目(ZDYF2020181);国家自然科学基金(81460487);2020年度海南省教育厅研究生创新项目(Hys2020-344)。

摘　　要：本研究通过选择培养基,在海南省三个不同海滩的潮间带和潮上带检测大肠杆菌和肠球菌,其中海南北部A、B两海滩各采集沙样40份,东部的C海滩采集样本16份,使用选择培养基对潮间带和潮上带样本的微生物指示菌大肠杆菌、肠球菌进行检测,通过Kruskal-Wallish检验方法和Spearman相关非参数检验进行分析。通过微生物定量风险评估(QMRA)的框架方法,结合蒙特卡罗模拟(MCS),对海滩沙中大肠杆菌引起的相关疾病的感染率进行定量评价。各海滩的大肠杆菌浓度均提示潮间带高于潮上带,前者为后者的2.875倍以上;肠球菌除在东部海滩的潮间带和潮上带的浓度差异无统计学意义外,其他两海滩均显示潮间带高于潮上带(P<0.05),前者是后者的3.0倍以上;海滩沙中大肠杆菌和肠球菌水平之间存在正相关关系(rs=0.586,P<0.01);通过致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)的参数进行模拟得出沙中大肠杆菌引起的健康风险远小于美国EPA的可接受的阈值0.019,而用大肠杆菌O157∶H7的参数进行模拟得出将部分身体埋在沙中的成人经皮肤接触导致的感染率高达0.57。基于蒙特卡罗模拟的微生物定量风险评估可用于沙滩的健康风险评价,但人群的暴露方式、采用的指示微生物种类的差异对最终的评估结果存在一定差异,需要根据实际情况使用。沙中潮间带的微生物污染较潮上带严重,经皮肤暴露对高危人群可能产生健康风险,应加强海滩包括沙在内的健康风评价并建立相关的标准进行监管。In this study,Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were detected in the intertidal zone and supratidal zone of three different beaches in Hainan Province by selecting culture medium,and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallish test method and Spearman related non parametric test method.Among them,40 sand samples were collected from beaches A and B in the north of Hainan,and 16 samples were collected from beach in the East.And then the infection rate of diseases caused by microorganisms in beach sands was quantitatively evaluated by the framework method of quantitative microbiological risk assessment(QMRA)and Monte Carlo simulation(MCS).The concentration of Escherichia coli in the intertidal zone is higher than that in the supratidal zone,and the former is more than 2.875 times that of the latter;Except for the concentration difference between the intertidal zone and the supratidal zone in the eastern beach,the other two beaches showed that the concentration of Enterococcus in the intertidal zone was higher than that in the supratidal zone(P<0.05),and the former was more than 3.0 times that of the latter.There was a positive correlation between the levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in beach sand(rs=0.586,P<0.01).Through the simulation of the parameters of pathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC),it is concluded that the health risk caused by Escherichia coli in sand is far less than the acceptable threshold of 0.019 of the United States EPA,while the simulation with the parameters of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 shows that the infection rate caused by skin contact of adults who bury part of their bodies in sand is as high as 0.57.Quantitative microbial risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation can be used for the health risk assessment of beaches.However,the final assessment results are different due to the differences in the exposure mode of the population and the indicator of microbial species,which should be used according to the actual situation.The microbial pollution in the intertidal zone in the sand is more serious

关 键 词：微生物定量风险评估 大肠杆菌 肠球菌 海滩 蒙特卡罗模拟 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]