社会利益理念下的1935年《破产法》立法及其特点  

The Legislation and Characteristics of the Bankruptcy Law of 1935 under the Concept of Social Interest

作　　者：张世慧 Zhang Shihui

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2024年第1期179-197,294,共20页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”(编号:2022RW079);中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(项目号:2023M742036)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1935年《破产法》是近代中国具有典范意义的破产法,至今依旧有浓厚的生命力。破产法立法工作的开启既是国内、国际法制环境不断完善的产物,也与经济危机背景下处理破产问题的现实需求有关。1935年《破产法》编纂过程中,立法者广泛参酌域外新破产法理论,也保留诸多本土商业习惯。《破产法》立法程序较为完善、缜密,立法内容彰显独有的中国特色,符合现代破产法的发展潮流。《破产法》具有法律条文简约、强大法院职权、提倡破产和解及破产免责四大特点。这些特点背后存在较为一致的立法意图,即谋求社会经济秩序安定与健全。这种立法意图体现一种社会利益理念,有助于维护经济统治秩序,但也存在将破产法作为社会治理工具的“法律工具主义”倾向。The 1935 Bankruptcy Law stands as a paradigm of modern bankruptcy legislation in China,its enduring relevance underscored by its robust vitality.Its enactment was not only a response to the evolving legal framework influenced by foreign systems but also a pragmatic response to the imperative of addressing bankruptcy amidst economic crises.The formulation of the bankruptcy law was a meticulous process,encompassing an assimilation of foreign bankruptcy law theories while preserving indigenous commercial practices.The resulting legislation reflects a distinct Chinese character,aligning with contemporary trends in bankruptcy law development.Notably,the law is characterized by concise legal provisions,robust judicial authority,and a focus on promoting bankruptcy reorganization and discharge.Beneath these attributes lies a consistent legislative intent aimed at fostering stable and sound social and economic order.Aligned with the legislative spirit of the Three Principles of the People upheld by the Kuomintang,the 1935 Bankruptcy Law embodies a legislative concept rooted in social interest.This legislative intent not only serves to uphold social and economic order but also demonstrates a tendency towards“legal instrumentalism”,employing bankruptcy law as a tool for social governance.

关 键 词：破产法 商业法律 社会利益 

分 类 号：D922.291.92[政治法律—经济法学]