雷州半岛红树林鱼类群落结构及其与人类活动强度的关系  

Community structure of fish in mangrove forests of the Leizhou Peninsula and its relationship with human activity intensity

作　　者：郑燕萍 刘琦 黄欣 刘奉明 姚君润 覃国峰 曾浩谦 颜云榕[1,3,4] ZHENG Yanping;LIU Qi;HUANG Xin;LIU Fengming;YAO Junrun;QIN Guofeng;ZENG Haoqian;YAN Yunrong(Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Department of Geography,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China;Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering(Zhanjiang),Zhanjiang 524013,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Far Sea Fisheries management and Fishing of South China Sea,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088 [2]岭南师范学院地理科学学院,湛江524048 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江),湛江524013 [4]广东省南海深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术研究中心,湛江524088

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第1期440-453,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目(U20A2087);广东省普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2022KQNCX025);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(湛江)资助项目(ZJW-2022-07);广东省南海深远海渔业管理与捕捞工程技术研究中心配套经费。

摘　　要：水产养殖、城镇建设等引起的土地利用变化使红树林生态系统遭受严重破坏,是红树林生物多样性面临的主要威胁之一。了解雷州半岛红树林鱼类群落结构,探究人类活动强度对鱼类群落结构的影响,对红树林鱼类资源保护至关重要。基于2021—2022年雷州半岛7片红树林共21条潮沟的鱼类数据,结合周边土地利用数据,研究鱼类群落结构及其与土地利用类型的关系。结果显示,共采集鉴定鱼类49种,隶属于8目25科,鲈形目鱼类最多,共33种占总种类数的75.5%,其中,虾虎鱼科种数最多,共15种占30.6%;食性上,主要为杂食性和肉食性鱼类,分别为53.06%和44.90%;各红树林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在秋冬春三季的变化范围均为0—2.5,Simpson多样性指数均为0—0.9;各红树林鱼类个体数、物种数和生物量均存在显著差异(P>0.05);除秋季北潭与流沙湾的鱼类群落无显著差异(P>0.05)外,其余红树林间的鱼类群落在三个季度均有显著差异(P<0.05);人类活动强度、红树林面积和东西岸对鱼类多样性指数、个体数、物种数和生物量均有显著的主效应和交互效应(P<0.05);青斑细棘虾虎鱼Acentrogobius viridipunctatus等杂食性鱼类丰度与城镇用地、耕地和林地的面积占比呈正相关,眶棘双边鱼Ambassis gymnocephalus等肉食性鱼类丰度呈负相关,尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticushh等鱼类丰度与养殖塘面积占比呈正相关。研究结果表明人类活动对鱼类群落结构已产生负面影响,对红树林周边土地利用的合理规划可作为鱼类保护与利用的重要手段。Changes in land use caused by aquaculture,urban construction,and other factors have led to severe damage to mangrove ecosystems,posing a major threat to mangrove biodiversity.Understanding the community structure of fish in the Leizhou Peninsula mangroves and investigating the impact of human activities on the fish community structure are crucial for the conservation of mangrove fish resources.This study is based on fish data from 21 tidal creeks in seven mangrove areas of the Leizhou Peninsula from 2021 to 2022.Land use data in the surrounding areas were combined to study the relationship between fish community structure and land use types.The results show that a total of 49 fish species were collected and identified,belonging to 8 orders and 25 families.The order Perciformes had the highest number of fish species,with 33 species accounting for 75.5%of the total species.Among them,the family Gobiidae had the highest number of species,with 15 species accounting for 30.6%.In terms of diet,the main categories were omnivorous fish and carnivorous fish,accounting for 53.06%and 44.90%,respectively.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of fish communities in different mangroves ranged from 0 to 2.5 in autumn,winter,and spring,while the Simpson diversity index ranged from 0 to 0.9.There were significant differences(P>0.05)in fish abundance,species richness,and biomass among the different mangroves.Except for the fish communities between Beitan and Liushawan mangroves in autumn,which showed no significant differences(P>0.05),the fish communities in the other mangroves differed significantly in all three seasons(P<0.05).Human activity intensity,mangrove area,and east-west coast had significant main effects and interaction effects on fish diversity index,abundance,species richness,and biomass(P<0.05).The abundance of omnivorous fish such as Acentrogobius viridipunctatus showed a positive correlation with the proportion of urban land,arable land,and forest land,while the abundance of carnivorous fish such as Ambassis gymnoceph

关 键 词：鱼类群落 土地利用 红树林 雷州半岛 

分 类 号：S71[农业科学—林学]