U形渠道弧底平板闸门水力性能研究  

Hydraulic performance of sluice gate with radial bottom in U-shaped channel

作　　者：张宽义[1] 康亚腾 胡明宇 王世隆 ZHANG Kuanyi;KANG Yateng;HU Mingyu;WANG Shilong(Hebei Institute of Investigation&Design of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300250,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院集团有限公司,天津300250 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2023年第6期115-123,共9页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2243235);河北省水利科研与推广计划项目(2023-81)。

摘　　要：为解决灌区U形渠道缺少流量测控设施的问题,根据U形渠道断面尺寸设计一种弧底平板闸门,由闸板和闸墩组成。设计1∶1、2∶3、1∶2共3种收缩比的闸门,采用原型试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究弧底平板闸门的水力性能。结果表明:不同收缩比的闸门水面线变化规律基本一致,但水头损失随着收缩比的减小而增大。优选收缩比为1∶1的弧底平板闸门作为U形渠道测控设施,建立闸孔出流测流公式。通过Flow-3D软件得到渠道弧底平板闸门上、下游断面水流流速和佛汝德数沿程分布规律,不同开度下的闸前流速分布规律一致,最大流速位于中垂线处自由水面中心以下区域。闸门上游佛汝德数小于0.5,符合测流条件,下游佛汝德数最大值的区域集中于闸后贴近渠壁两侧的自由水面。研究结果可作为U形渠道测控设施的设计和优化提供依据。Due to the lack of facilities for the measurement and control of flow in U-shaped channels in some irrigation areas,a novel radial bottom plate gate is designed according to the section size of a U-shaped channel,which is composed of gate plate and gate piers.The hydraulic performance of this gate was studied by model test and numerical simulation with three shrinkage ratios of 1∶1,2∶3 and 1∶2.The results of the model test show that the variations of water surface line of the gate with different shrinkage ratios are basically the same,but the head loss increases with the decrease of the shrinkage ratio.Therefore,the radial bottom plate gate with the shrinkage ratio of 1∶1 was selected as the measurement and control facility for U-shaped channels,and the flow measurement formula of gate hole was established.Then,Flow-3D was used to obtain the longitudinal flow velocity distribution and Froude number variation of the upstream and downstream sections of the radial bottom plate gate.The simulation results show that the flow velocity distribution in front of the gate with different opening degrees is consistent,and the maximum flow velocity is located at the perpendicular bisector and below the center of the free water surface.The Froude number of the upstream section is less than 0.5,which meets the current measurement conditions,and the maximum Froude number of the downstream section is concentrated in the free water surface close to the wall of the channel behind the gate.The research results can provide some technical support for the design and optimization of measurement and control facilities for U-shaped channels.

关 键 词：弧底平板闸门 收缩比 U形渠道 水力性能 数值模拟 模型试验 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S277[农业科学—农业水土工程]