数值预报模式垂直坐标发展与改进综述  

Review on Developments and Improvements in Vertical Coordinates for Numerical Prediction Models

作　　者：程锐 宇如聪[2] 徐幼平 黄静 沈晓晶 CHENG Rui;YU Rucong;XU Youping;HUANG Jing;SHEN Xiaojing(State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering,Xi'an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Chinese Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]中国气象局,北京100081 [3]北京应用气象研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《高原气象》2024年第1期16-27,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家公益性行业支撑项目(GYHY201406001,GYHY201306077);国家自然科学基金项目(91637105,41475041)。

摘　　要：大气具有斜压性质和层结特性,对于大气三维运动及静止大气热力状态的刻画离不开垂直坐标的选择。垂直坐标更是构建数值预报模式的基础,经常根据不同的垂直坐标形式来区分不同类型的大气动力框架,如几何高度框架、等压面框架和等熵面框架等。伴随垂直坐标的发展,模式预报性能在不断提升,模式版本也在不断演进。本文简要回顾了垂直坐标的发展历史,重点介绍了目前国内外主要非静力业务模式垂直混合坐标的处理思路与方法,同时指出模式垂直分辨率及预报变量垂直分布形式的选择考量。最后对数值预报模式垂直坐标设计与应用进行总结,并给出未来发展展望。As we know,the atmosphere is mainly characterized by its baroclinicity and stratification.The vertical coordinate is crucial for the description of 3D atmospheric motion and thermal-dynamic condition of the static atmosphere.Furthermore,the vertical coordinate is foundation of numerical prediction model construction.Different atmospheric dynamic cores,such as height,pressure and potential temperature-based frames are usually established depending on different vertical coordinate modes.The development of vertical coordinates always contributes to major version update and considerable upgrade of the numerical prediction model.In this paper,we briefly review the history of vertical coordinates for the numerical model.Then,we mainly demonstrate the design art for hybrid vertical coordinates in some operational non-hydrostatic models at home and abroad.Additionally,this paper presents some suggestions on how to select model vertical resolution and prediction variables vertical distribution style.Finally,the progress on arrangement and application of the vertical coordinate for numerical prediction models is summarized and its development tendency is also illustrated.

关 键 词：数值预报模式 垂直坐标 地形追随 阶梯地形 混合垂直坐标 

分 类 号：P407.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]